1. State government FEDERALISM

2. State Government Carry out much of the work of meeting citizens’ needs Primary responsibility for public education, transportation, health and safety People ask government to help solve public problems Public policy Government response to public issues Joint cooperation of government, community and individuals

3. Federalism Division of power between the national and state government Share some powers state shared federal

4. Powers of the States 10 th Amendment gives power to the states ▫Set up government ▫Conduct election ▫Set up public schools ▫Oversee business ▫Make laws  Traffic  Protect public health safety

5. Shared Powers Collect taxes Borrow money Set up courts Enforce laws Punish lawbreakers

6. Power Struggle? POWER TO THE STATESPOWER TO THE NATION States can serve people better Fit laws and programs to particular needs of their citizens Opportunities in states aren’t always equal National governments can ensure equal opportunities for all states Problems too big for states to handle alone Problems involve several states VS.

7. STATE LEGISLATURES GENERAL ASSEMBLY

8. State Legislature Bicameral legislature ▫Upper House = Senate ▫Lower House = House of Reps Legislative terms are divided into sessions Seats are apportioned or divided among districts with same population ▫Reapportioned based on census

9. GENERAL ASSEMBLY 253 TOTAL MEMBERS 50 SENATORS JAY COSTA 203 REPRESENTATIVES PAUL COSTA

10. LEGISLATORS SENATORSREPRESENTATIVES 4 YEAR TERMS 25 YEARS OLD LIVE IN STATE FOR 4 YEARS, MUST LIVE IN DISTRICT DURING THEIR TERM OF OFFICE 2 YEAR TERMS 21 YEARS OLD LIVE IN STATE FOR 4 YEARS, MUST LIVE IN DISTRICT DURING THEIR TERM OF OFFICE

11. MAKING LAWS Similar to process in Congress 1.Bill introduced 2.Discussed in committee 3.Debated on floor 4.Both Houses agree 5.Approved by governor Citizens may have more of say on the state level

12. Making Laws Initiative ▫Process of citizens proposing a law 1.Gather signatures on petition (5-10% of registered voters) 2.Proposed law is put to vote in statewide election 3.If majority of voters approve proposal initiative becomes state law

13. Making Laws Referendum ▫The process which a law is referred to the voters to approve or reject ▫Constitutional Amendments ▫If need a certain law or remove a bad law can use initiative or referendum Referendum Act-64. Water and Sewer Improvements Bond Referendum -- State of Pennsylvania (Majority Approval Required) Pass: 2,879,592 / 62.3% Yes votes...... 1,744,555 / 37.7% No votesReferendum Act-64 Do you favor the incurring of indebtedness by the Commonwealth of $400,000,000 for grants and loans to municipalities and public utilities for the cost of all labor, materials, necessary operational machinery and equipment, lands, property, right and easements, plans and specifications, surveys, estimates of costs and revenues, prefeasibility studies, engineering and legal services and all other expenses necessary or incident to the acquisition, construction, improvement, expansion, extension, repair or rehabilitation of all or part of drinking water system, storm water, nonpoint source projects, nutrient credits and wastewater treatment system projects?

14. MAKING LAWS Recall ▫Process for removing elected officials from office ▫Citizens believe elected official isn’t doing a good job or is dishonest ▫Begun by citizens by gathering voters’ signatures ▫If majority agree with recall, official must leave

15. CHECKING THE OTHER BRANCHES… Check activities of state executive and judicial branches ▫Approve officials appointed by the governor ▫Approve governor’s budget ▫Impeachment

16. FINANCING Taxes ▫States raise money for their revenue or income  Sales tax  Charges made on purchase of goods and service  Excise tax  Charge on certain goods ▫Alcohol, gas, tobacco  Income tax  Tax on earning of individuals and businesses  % of money a person makes

17. Bonds ▫States borrow money by selling bond certificates that people buy from the gov’t ▫Will get the cost of the bond plus interest ▫Building projects Lotteries ▫60% of $ goes toward prizes ▫40% goes to state

18. Federal Funds Money from Federal Government Categorical grants ▫Given a specific purpose  Job training  Highway construction  Have to meet certain conditions Block Grants ▫General purposes  State can decide which programs can get block money Pennsylvania To Get $16B Piece Of Stimulus Pie Where Is Your Money Going?

19. State Executive Branch

20. QUALIFICATIONS 30 Years old Live in the state for 7 years

21. GOVERNOR Tom Corbett Roles of the Governor ▫Chief executive ▫Commander-in-chief ▫Budget-maker ▫Legislative leader ▫Judicial leader ▫Represents the state at public events and ceremonies

22. Lieutenant Governor The state official second in the rank to the governor Similar to vice-president Jim Cawley

23. Secretary of the Commonwealth Carol Aichele protects the public’s health, safety and welfare

24. Attorney General Linda Kelly Chief legal officer

25. Treasurer Robert McCord accountable for safeguarding the financial assets of all Pennsylvanians, serving as custodian, investor and disburser of funds

26. LOCAL GOVERNMENT

27. FEDERAL STATE COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES (CITIES, BOROUGHS, TOWNSHIPS)

28. FEDERALSTATELOCAL EXECUTIVEPRESIDENTGOVERNORMAYOR LEGISLATIVE CONGRESSGENERAL ASSEMBLY COUNCIL

29. ALLEGHENY COUNTY COUNTY EXECUTIVE = RICH FITZGERALD 15 MEMBER COUNTY COUNCIL USED TO BE 3 COMMISSIONER FORM OF GOVERNMENT POWERS/DUTIES = ▫APPROVING/AMEND- ING LEGISLATION PROPOSED BY COUNTY EXECUTIVE, GENERATE THEIR OWN LEGISLATION, LEVY TAXES, FEES AND SERVICES CHARGES, PASS BUDGET

30. PLANS OF GOVERNMENT MAYOR-COUNCILCOMMISSION PLAN MAYOR IS HEAD, COUNCIL LIKE CONGRESS EX. PITTSBURGH = MAYOR LUKE RAVENSTAHL, 9 CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS EX. TURTLE CREEK= MAYOR ADAM FORGIE, 7 BOROUGH COUNCIL MEMBERS VOTERS CHOOSE SEVERAL COMMISSIONERS WHO MAKE ORDINANCES TOGETHER EX. WILKINS TOWNSHIP = 5 COMMISSIONERS