1. Hydropower Stations as Balancing Renewable Energy Source in Countries with Much Variable Renewable Energy from Wind and Solar. Development Potential for Small Water Hydropower Station Torodd Jensen Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE)

2. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat 2 Film

3. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat

4. Hydropower potential as of 01.01.2015 New generations options are based on digital resource mapping with investment limit up to 3 NOK/kWh and the Master Plan for development of water resources. Referred to todays price level the investment limit is 4- 5 NOK/kWh. License applied do not include applications that are in queue. Protected watercourses include denied applications. Mean annual generation capacity 213.9 TWh, referred to hydrological period 1981-2010

5. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat Water – a major natural resource Photo from top left: Rune Engesæter, Sjur Bjerkli, Unn Yilmaz. All NVE

6. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat Hydropower in Norway

7. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat

9. Hydropower upgrading ■ Reduced head loss and increased efficiency ■ More water – hydrology related ■ Reduce loss of water Increased flow capacity Increased reservoir capacity ■ Increase inflow by for example diverting water from nearby catchment ■ Increased head and/or reservoir capacity ■ Simulation models are needed for documentation of benefits caused by increased capacity

10. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat

11. Present use of hydropower reservoars in Norway Consumption Annual runoff Generation from runoff Combined storing of water i reservoars and flood controll Generation, water from reservoars

12. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat

13. Win-win situation? Reaching renewable targets Business development Norwegian hydropower

14. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat ■ Value factor = 1 average market price, >1 above, < below ■ As the share of VRE rises, the value of each MWh decreases The Value of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) © OECD/IEA 2014 14

15. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat CEDREN Case study 2030  20 GW in southern Norway possible

16. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat

17. ■ Uncertain future – many scenarios ■ Rapid changes may come (…Fukoshima) ■ Hydro reservoirs = always an excellent energy storage ■ We probably need governmental agreements and new markets ■ Opportunity for Norway to investigate - Europe also to benefit?

18. Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat 18 Thank You for Listening the@nve.no