2. This is an AIA accredited continuing education presentation offering one (1) HSW CEU for participating AIA members. HEALTH, SAFETY & WELFARE CREDIT

3. This course features a broad discussion on Vegetated Roof Systems, including their history, the variety of types, and the various components that comprise these systems, as well as their numerous benefits. COURSE DESCRIPTION

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.Review the history of vegetative systems 2.Discuss the benefits of vegetative roof systems, including the comprehensive environmental and health and welfare benefits. 3.Review the various components of a vegetative roof system, including the many types of plantings available and their subsequent impact on the health and welfare of building occupants. 4.Discuss the various considerations of vegetative roof systems, including safety concerns in regards to maintenance of roof system.

5. THE HISTORY OF VEGETATED ROOFS

6. VEGETATED ROOF HISTORY Ancient roof gardens were installed as far back as 2020 BCE in Mesopotamia

7. VEGETATED ROOF HISTORY Ancient roof gardens were installed as far back as 2020 BCE in Mesopotamia  Hanging gardens of Babylon

8. VEGETATED ROOF HISTORY Ancient roof gardens were installed as far back as 2020 BCE in Mesopotamia  Hanging gardens of Babylon  Modern trend of green roofs begins in Germany  Stuttgart-Weilimdorf, Germany

9. VEGETATED ROOF HISTORY Ancient roof gardens were installed as far back as 2020 BC in Mesopotamia  Hanging gardens of Babylon  Modern trend of green roofs begins in Germany  Growing popularity overseas decades ago  Hotel New Otani, Tokyo, Japan

10. VEGETATED ROOF HISTORY Ancient vegetated roofs were installed as far back as 2020 BCE in Mesopotamia  Hanging gardens of Babylon  Modern trend of green roofs begins in Germany  Growing popularity overseas decades ago  Now popular throughout U.S.  Chicago City Hall  Target Center - Minneapolis  Music Center - Nashville

11. VEGETATED ROOF INITIATIVES What is a green building?  Design and construction practices that meet specified standards and resolve negative impacts on occupants and the environment in five broad areas:  Sustainable site planning  Water management  Energy efficiency  Conservation of materials and resources  Quality of indoor environment

12. VEGETATED ROOF INITIATIVES Standard 189  A new minimum green building standard adopted in 2010 into the International Green Construction Code (IGCC)  A collaboration between the AIA and ASTM  Modeled after LEED

13. VEGETATED ROOF INITIATIVES Green Roofs for Healthy Cities  Green Roofs for Healthy Cities’ mission is to increase the awareness of the economic, social and environmental benefits of green roofs and green walls  Founded in 2004

14. THE BENEFITS OF VEGETATED ROOFS

15. VEGETATED ROOF BENEFITS Converts CO 2 to O 2  16.15 ft 2 (1.5 m 2 ) of uncut grass produces enough oxygen per year to supply one human's yearly oxygen intake requirement. * * Sustainable Cities Institute

16. VEGETATED ROOF BENEFITS Storm water management  Green roofs reduce the amount and rate of rain water runoff  Portland, Oregon utilizes numerous storm water management solutions, including vegetated roofs. 1 1 portlandoregon.gov

17. VEGETATED ROOF BENEFITS Runoff comparison  Gallons collected on a roof during six-hour storm event

18. VEGETATED ROOF BENEFITS Natural water filtration  Heavy metals carried by rain are bound in the roof instead of being discharged  Ninety-five percent of cadmium, copper and lead are filtered out of the runoff 1 1 City of Chicago, “A Guide to Storm Water Best Management Practices”

19. VEGETATED ROOF BENEFITS Investment protection  Vegetation guards the roof membranes against:  Ultraviolet radiation  Extreme temperature fluctuations  Heat aging  Physical damage

20. VEGETATED ROOF BENEFITS Noise reduction  Substrate blocks lower frequencies  Plants block higher frequencies  A four inch layer of growing medium can reduce sound up to 20 dB 1 1 greenroofs.org

21. VEGETATED ROOF BENEFITS Reduces Heat Island Effect  On a 90° day, a traditional roof can exceed 180°F  Under the same conditions, a green roof will typically not exceed 85°F 180° 95°

22. TYPES OF VEGETATED ROOFS

23. Extensive systems  21 lb/sf – 42 lb/sf saturated  3”- 6” of media  Grasses and sedums

24. TYPES OF VEGETATED ROOFS Extensive systems

25. TYPES OF VEGETATED ROOFS Semi-intensive systems  Between 42 lb/sf - 60 lb/sf saturated  4”-8” of media  Greater plant selection

26. TYPES OF VEGETATED ROOFS Semi-intensive systems

27. TYPES OF VEGETATED ROOFS Intensive systems  Heavy weight (> 60 lb)  8” of media or more  Open plant selection

28. TYPES OF VEGETATED ROOFS Intensive systems

29. ExtensiveSemi-intensiveIntensive Weight limit21 – 42 lb/sf42 - 60 lb/sf> 60 lb/sf Thickness3”- 6”6”-8”8” or more MaintenanceLowMediumHigh Plant selection Low grass & sedums Greater than extensive Open BiodiversityMediumMedium to highHigh CostLowLow to mediumHigh TYPES OF VEGETATED ROOFS

30. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS

31. Structural support/load considerations  Weight of saturated green roof  Environmental load  Suspended or supported loads  Hardscape loads  Live loads

32. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Waterproofing membrane

33. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Waterproofing membrane options  SBS-modified bitumen  Hot rubberized asphalt  PMMA liquid membrane  PVC

34. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Waterproofing membranes  Waterproofing membrane systems can be installed in a standard configuration over insulation and recovery board or in an inverted roof membrane assembly (IRMA)

35. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Root barrier

36. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Root barrier  20-40 mil polyethylene  Seamed with tape or sealant  Root resistant – tested according to FLL* * (Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschafts bau e.V.). The FLL is the Research Society for Landscape Development and Landscape Design based in Germany)

37. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Insulation

38. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Insulation  2’x8’ and 4’x8’ extruded polystyrene  Typically1”-4” thick  Typically installed directly over root barrier  Optional drainage channels (or synthetic drainage layer below)

39. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Drainage mat

40. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Drainage mat  Entangled net design, dimpled or cupped design  Lightweight compared to gravel  Consistent flow rates  Optional water retention mats can be bonded to drainage layer  Integrated filter fabrics

41. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Capillary mat or moisture retention mat

42. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Capillary mat or moisture retention mat  Heavy duty, high absorbing geotextile or similar “like a diaper on steroids”  Sometimes extra water-hold capacity is needed  Vegetation can be hydrated from below (in lieu of drip irrigation)

43. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Growing medium  Soil depth varies depending on plant selection  Soil composition varies by region  Soil will also vary by type:  Extensive  Semi-intensive  Intensive

44. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Soil considerations  Must be structural (withstand freeze-thaw, corrosion, etc.)  Must drain adequately  Must supply nutrients  Use of filter fabric  No silt that can clog fabric

45. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Soil content  A typical mix contains:  Lightweight aggregate  Organics  Graded sand Engineered soil ratios and mix designs utilize both mineral and organic soils and vary regionally and by supplier.

46. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Minimum soil depths  Sedums – 2” (depending on climate and region)  Grasses – typically 6” or greater  Shrubs – typically 18” or greater

47. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Growing medium  Delivery methods  Blown in place  1.5 cy or 2 cy super sacks  Smaller bags

48. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Vegetation  Sedums  Grasses  Annuals  Perennials  Shrubs  Trees

49. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Vegetated mats  Pre-planted mats or tiles provide instant vegetated roof  Mats are propagated on either coconut coir or entanglement layer  Sedums are typically used as the plantings

50. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Tray systems  Pre-planted  Quick and easy to install  Typical sedum plantings  All trays feature drainage component, growing media and plant components

51. VEGETATED ROOF COMPONENTS Tray systems  Trays constructed of various materials  HDPE  Polypropylene

52. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS

53. Considerations  Condition of existing roof  Structural capacity  Access to roof  Project location – Hardiness Zones  Purpose of roof  Material availability  Budget

54. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS Hardiness Zones  A wide variation of conditions can affect plants  Heat from building  Reflected light and heat  Roof orientation  Soil depth and moisture level

55. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS Concerns  Rooftop safety  Excessive construction traffic  Possible root damage  Repair burdens  Seasonal phasing  Split responsibility between landscaper and contractor

56. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS Irrigation  Must have access to water at roof level  Need initial watering to establish new plants  Permanent irrigation system  Hose with sprinkler and timer

57. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS Irrigation  Extensive and most semi-intensive green roofs can be viable without regular irrigation, depending on climate  Intensive roof systems usually require regular irrigation

58. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS Maintenance?

59. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS Maintenance  Low maintenance does not mean NO maintenance  Weed and fertilize as necessary  Trim plants and shrubs  Grass may require cutting  Monitor during drought conditions  Check drainage regularly

60. VEGETATED ROOF CONSIDERATIONS What if?

61. This concludes the AIA accredited portion of our presentation.

62. QUESTIONS?