1. Introduction to Multicellular Organisms CHAPTER the BIG idea Multicellular organisms live in and get energy from a variety of environments. Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. Plants are producers. Animals are consumers. Most fungi are decomposers. CHAPTER OUTLINE NEW CHAPTER 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME organ sexual reproduction tissue Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE meiosis fertilization The bodies of multicellular organisms have different levels of organization. 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME organ sexual reproduction tissue Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE meiosis fertilization The bodies of multicellular organisms have different levels of organization. Multicellular organisms have a wide range of adaptations. Multicellular organisms reproduce by sexual reproduction. Some also reproduce asexually. Habitat: warm; Sahara Desert and Saudi Arabia Size: about 40 cm (15 in.), 1.25 kg (2.7 lb) Fennec light brown fur large ears 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job. tissue KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. organ sexual reproduction tissue meiosis fertilization 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A structure in a plant or an animal that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function. organ KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. organ sexual reproduction tissue meiosis fertilization 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A type of reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells combine to form offspring with genetic material from both cells. sexual reproduction KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. organ sexual reproduction tissue meiosis fertilization 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A part of sexual reproduction in which cells divide to form sperm cells in a male and egg cells in a female. Meiosis occurs only in reproductive cells. meiosis KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. organ sexual reproduction tissue meiosis fertilization 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Part of the process of sexual reproduction in which a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell combine to make a new cell that can develop into a new organism. fertilization KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. organ sexual reproduction tissue meiosis fertilization 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME potato plant tuber plant cell starch granules Plants are producers. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE autotroph photosynthesis cellular respiration stimulus Plants capture energy from the Sun and store it as sugar and starch. Plants are adapted to many environments. They respond to stimuli in the environment. 2.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Plants are producers. SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE autotroph photosynthesis cellular respiration stimulus 2.2 Plants capture energy from the Sun and store it as sugar and starch. Plants are adapted to many environments. They respond to stimuli in the environment. VISUALIZATION Examine how plants respond to different stimuli. CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An organism that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce energy-rich carbon compounds, usually through the process of photosynthesis. autotroph KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Plants are producers. autotroph photosynthesis cellular respiration stimulus 2.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The process by which green plants and other producers use simple compounds and energy from light to make sugar, an energy-rich compound. This is an endothermic process in which light is absorbed and used to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. photosynthesis KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Plants are producers. autotroph photosynthesis cellular respiration stimulus 2.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars. cellular respiration KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Plants are producers. autotroph photosynthesis cellular respiration stimulus 2.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Something that causes a response in an organism or a part of the body. stimulus KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Plants are producers. autotroph photosynthesis cellular respiration stimulus 2.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

15. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Animals are consumers. consumer SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation Animals consume food to get energy and materials. 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

16. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Animals are consumers. consumer SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation Animals consume food to get energy and materials. Animals are adapted to many environments. They interact with the environment and with other organisms. 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

17. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A living thing that gets its energy by eating other living things in a food chain; consumers are also called heterotrophs. consumer KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

18. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An organism that consumes other organisms to get energy. heterotroph KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

19. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An organism’s action in response to a stimulus. behavior KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

20. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An animal that hunts other animals and eats them. predator KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

21. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An animal that other animals hunt and eat. prey KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

22. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The movement of animals from one region to another in response to changes in the seasons or the environment. migration KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

23. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A sleeplike state in which certain animals spend the winter. Hibernation reduces an animal’s need for food and helps protect it from cold. hibernation KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

24. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Most fungi are decomposers. hyphae SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE spore lichen Fungi absorb energy from their surroundings.Fungi include mushrooms, 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

25. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Most fungi are decomposers. hyphae SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE spore lichen Fungi absorb energy from their surroundings.Fungi include mushrooms, molds, spore cap stalk 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

26. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME and yeasts. Most fungi are decomposers. hyphae SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE spore lichen Fungi absorb energy from their surroundings.Fungi include mushrooms, molds,They affect people and other organisms in both helpful and harmful ways. 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

27. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Threadlike tubes that form the structural parts of the body of a fungus. Hyphae is a plural word; the singular is hypha. hyphae Most fungi are decomposers. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY hyphae spore lichen 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

28. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A single reproductive cell that can grow into a multicellular organism. spore Most fungi are decomposers. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY hyphae spore lichen 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

29. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An organism that results from a close association between single-celled algae and fungi. lichen Most fungi are decomposers. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY hyphae spore lichen 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

30. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. A. Multicellular organisms have cells that are specialized. B. Multicellular organisms are adapted to live in different environments. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 1. Levels of Organization 2. Organ Systems and the Organism Multicellular organisms have many ways of meeting their needs. C. Sexual reproduction leads to diversity. organ sexual reproduction tissue meiosis fertilization 2.1 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

31. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. Plants are producers. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY A. Plants capture energy from the Sun. 1. Gravity 2. Touch B. Plants are adapted to different environments. Plants are producers. C. Plants respond to their environment. 1. Producing Sugars 2. Storing and Releasing Energy autotroph photosynthesis cellular respiration stimulus 3. Light D. Plants respond to seasonal changes. 2.2 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

32. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. Animals are consumers. A. Animals obtain energy and materials from food. B. Animals interact with the environment and with other organisms. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Animals are consumers. C. Animals respond to seasonal changes. consumer heterotroph behavior predator prey migration hibernation 1. What Animals Eat 2. Processing Food 3. Releasing and Storing Energy 2.3 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

33. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME IV. Most fungi are decomposers. A. Fungi absorb materials from the environment. B. Fungi include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Most fungi are decomposers. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 1. Mushrooms 2. Molds 3. Yeasts hyphae spore lichen 1. Characteristics of Fungi 2. Reproduction C. Fungi can be helpful or harmful to other organisms. 2.4 CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER RESOURCES

34. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation. VISUALIZATION Examine how plants respond to different stimuli.

35. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

36. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY Habitat: warm; Sahara Desert and Saudi Arabia Size: about 40 cm (15 in.), 1.25 kg (2.7 lb) Fennec light brown fur large ears

37. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY potato plant tuber plant cell starch granules

38. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

39. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

40. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

41. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY spore cap stalk

42. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

43. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

44. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

45. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY

46. BACK TO CHAPTER Click on the items below to access resources on Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests Math Tutorial Review math concepts Resource Centers Get more information on select science topics Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings CLASSZONE.COM Chapter Resources CHAPTER HOME Animations Link to all the McDougal Littell Science animations Review Game Play a fun interactive review game Image Gallery Click here to review chapter images and animations