1. Lignin Phenol Formaldehyde Resole Resins: Screening and Performance Marmar Ghorbani, Arunjunai Raj Mahendran, Erik van Herwijnen, Falk Liebner, Johannes Konnerth BOKU-University Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources Vienna, Austria Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna 1

2. Outline Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin with lignin substituted Screening of lignin and lignosulfonate sources Performance of products Paper-based laminates Plywood Conclusion 2 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna

3. Phenol Formaldehyde Resin o PF resins are widely in demand because of their mechanical, thermal, and chemically resistant properties Wood based composites: Plywood, Glued laminated timber,... Thermal insulating board Mineral- & stone wool Paper-based laminates o Synthesis reaction 3 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna alkaline condition

4. Lignin a phenolic polymer from plants (15 – 35%w) a major by-product from pulp mills 4 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna Hardwood – Softwood They differ in chemistry! H unit G unit S unit

5. Screening Lignin [1] Viscosity development 5 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna L40%-PF NaOH : phenol = 0.3 HCHO : phenol = 2.5 PH ≈ 12 80°C to 600 mPa.s 70°C to 1000 mPa.s [1] Ghorbani, M., Liebner, F., Herwijnen, H., Pfungen, L., Krahofer, M., Budjav, E., Konnerth, J., Lignin Phenol Formaldehyde Resoles: The Impact of Lignin Type on Adhesive Properties. Bioresources, 2016. 11(3): p. 6727-6741.

6. Bonding Strength Development ABES test– Automated Bonding Evaluation System 6 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna F

7. Bonding Strength Development 7 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna

8. Bonding Strength Development ABES test– Automated Bonding Evaluation System 8 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna L40%PF 120°C

9. Paper-based laminates 9 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna The resins used:  LPF (Na ⁺ Lignosulfonate 40%)  LPF (Pine kraft 40%) Classification according to EN 438-2 & 4 High-pressure decorative laminates

10. Paper-based laminates 10 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna Universitäts- und Forschungszentrum Tulln - UFT

11. Paper-based laminates 11 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna Bending strength (Blue box: Treatment according to EN 438-2 (20-day climate cycle) standard requirement Thickness increase [%] Kraft ligninNa + lignosulfonate 10 2 Kraft lignin standard requirement Na + lignosulfonate Resistance against boiling water (according to EN 438-2)

12. Plywood 12 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna The resins used:  PF  LPF (Pine kraft 40%)  LPF (Methylolated pine kraft 40%) Classification according to EN 314-2 Class 3 (outdoor use) Tensile shear strength test: F F

13. Plywood 13 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna Tensile shear strength standard requirement 72 h boiling waterstandard climate

14. Conclusion Lignin accelerated viscosity development in synthesis of LPF resins Pine kraft lignin and Na+ lignosulfonate showed highest rate in bond strength development Pine kraft lignin was superior for utilization in paper impregnation L(40%)PF resin fulfilled the requirement of the standard for plywood for outdoor use 14 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna

15. Acknowledgement The funding partners for supporting FLIPPR Project “Future Lignin and Pulp Processing Research Project GmbH” Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna 15 And FunderMax GmbH Metadynea GmbH

16. Thanks for your attention 16 Marmar Ghorbani - Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Resources - BOKU-Vienna