1. Introduction to Expert Systems Slide 1 Università di Salerno: April 2004 A.I. talks 2004: readings Dr David Anderson david.anderson@port.ac.uk University of Portsmouth

2. Introduction to Expert Systems Slide 2 Università di Salerno: April 2004 Minds Brains and Programs ["Minds, Brains, and Programs," by John R. Searle, from The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 3. Copyright 1980 Cambridge University Press. Reprinted by permission of Cambridge University Press.] Available in full from: http://members.aol.com/NeoNoetics/MindsBrainsPrograms.html http://members.aol.com/NeoNoetics/MindsBrainsPrograms.html Also given in the notes attached to this page. John Searle

3. Introduction to Expert Systems Slide 3 Università di Salerno: April 2004 Discussion points: Artificial Minds (Paper by Searle). 1. Searle claims that…. “One way to test any theory of the mind is to ask oneself what it would be like if my mind actually worked on the principles that the theory says all minds work on.“ Is this generally an effective way to test theories of mind? 2. 2. How similar to a native Chinese speaker is the person in the Chinese room? 3. 3. How effective is Searle’s response to the “Systems Reply”? 4. 4. What theory of mind would SUCCEED in the Chinese Room?

4. Introduction to Expert Systems Slide 4 Università di Salerno: April 2004 Artificial Life and the Chinese Room Argument. David Anderson, B. Jack Copeland: Artificial Life and the Chinese Room Argument. Artificial Life 8(4): 371-378 (2002) Also a draft version is given in the notes attached to this page. David AndersonJack Copeland

5. Introduction to Expert Systems Slide 5 Università di Salerno: April 2004 Artificial Life: Synthetic Versus Virtual Harnad, S. (1993) Artificial Life: Synthetic Versus Virtual. Artificial Life III. Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Life. Ed. Chris Langton. Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity. Volume XVI: 539ff. Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley, Advanced Book Program 1994. Available in full from: http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00001587/00/harnad93.artlife.html http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00001587/00/harnad93.artlife.html Also given in the notes attached to this page. Steven Harnad

6. Introduction to Expert Systems Slide 6 Università di Salerno: April 2004 Discussion points: Artificial Life (Papers by Anderson & Copeland and by Harnad) 1. 1. During a trip to Mars, astronauts discover what appears to be a new form of life. What kind of tests might be appropriate to decide if it really is alive? 2. 2. During a run of an a-life program, computer scientists discover what appears to be a new form of a-life. What kind of tests might be appropriate to decide if it really is alive? 3. 3. Are the tests in (1) and (2) the same or different? If they are different, how can we be confident in supposing that a-life forms are REALLY alive? 4. 4. What is the difference between a simulation of life and a duplication of life?