1. 13-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2. 13-2 Chapter 13 Conventional Fossil Fuel Resources

3. 13-3 Human Use of Energy Electrical Electrical Chemical Chemical Thermal Thermal Kinetic Kinetic Potential Potential Nuclear Nuclear Radiant Radiant

4. 13-4 Energy Conversions

5. 13-5 Energy Conversions First Law of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics Energy efficiency Energy efficiency

6. 13-6 Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Renewable Renewable solar solar Nonrenewable Nonrenewable Fossil fuels Fossil fuels Secondary Secondary electricity electricity

7. 13-7 Historical Energy Use

8. 13-8 Coal

9. 13-9 Environmental Impacts of Coal Subsidence Subsidence Ecosystem destruction Ecosystem destruction Acid rain Acid rain Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Acid mine drainage Acid mine drainage

10. 13-10 Petroleum Oil and natural gas Oil and natural gas

11. 13-11 Migration & Accumulation Petroleum trap Petroleum trap Petroleum reservoir Petroleum reservoir Cap rock Cap rock

12. 13-12 Migration & Accumulation

13. 13-13 Petroleum Refining Distillation tower Distillation tower Heavy crude Heavy crude Light crude Light crude

14. 13-14 Environmental Impacts of Petroleum Air pollution Air pollution Carbon dioxides Carbon dioxides Nitrous oxides Nitrous oxides Oil spills Oil spills Land Land Water Water Blowouts Blowouts

15. 13-15 Economic Development & Energy Demand

16. 13-16 Types of Energy We Consume

17. 13-17 Energy Crisis

18. 13-18 Energy Crisis Peak Oil Theory Peak Oil Theory Hubbert’s Peak Hubbert’s Peak Past the oil peak Past the oil peak

19. 13-19 Solving the Energy Crisis Replacements for oil Replacements for oil Increase supply by reducing demand Increase supply by reducing demand Increase exploration and development Increase exploration and development Make gasoline and diesel from coal and heavy oils Make gasoline and diesel from coal and heavy oils Biofuels Biofuels Replace with renewable energy Replace with renewable energy