1. SOL WHII. 14

2.  British policies and India’s demand for self-rule led to the rise of the Indian independence movement, resulting in the creation of new states in the Indian sub- continent.  The Republic of India, a democratic nation, developed after the country gained independence.

3.  Indian sub-continent  British India  India  Pakistan (formerly West Pakistan)  Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan)  Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon)

4.  British rule in India

5.  Indian National Congress

6.  Leadership of Mohandas Gandhi

7.  Role of civil disobedience and passive resistance

8.  Political division along Hindu-Muslim lines and Pakistan-India

9.  Republic of India  World’s largest democratic nation  Federal system, giving many powers to the states

10.  Jawaharlal Nehru, a close associate of Gandhi, supported western-style industrialization.

11.  1950 Constitution sought to prohibit caste discrimination.

12.  Ethnic and religious differences caused problems in the development of India as a democratic nation.

13.  New economic development has helped to ease financial problems of the nation.

14.  The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination.  Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.

15.  Right to self-determination (U.N. charter)

16.  Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II

17.  Pride in African cultures and heritage

18.  Resentment of imperial rule and economic exploitation

19.  Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Portugal; influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War

20.  West Africa: Peaceful transition

21.  Algeria: War of Independence from France

22.  Kenya (Britain): Violent struggle under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta

23.  South Africa: Black South Africans’ struggle against apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of the Republic of South Africa

24.  The mandate system established after World War I was phased out after World War II. With the end of the mandates, new states were created in the Middle East.

25.  Established by the League of Nations  Granted independence after World War II  Resulted in Middle East conflicts created by religious differences

26.  Syria  Lebanon

27.  Jordan (originally Transjordan)  Palestine (a part became independent as the State of Israel)

28.  Prime Minister of Israel  After initial setbacks, led Israel to victory in Yom Kippur War  Sought support of United States

29.  President of Egypt  Nationalized Suez Canal  Established relationship with Soviet Union  Built Aswan High Dam