1. The picture of oral health… what does it look like?

2. Surgeon General  Landmark report addressing the oral health of our nation  Oral health General Health  It found our citizens needing…..

3. What one man aspired to do  http://youtu.be/DkTXKei3DwQ http://youtu.be/DkTXKei3DwQ

4. Oral Health  Definition of health: “freedom from disease, defect, or pain” is actually not correct  World Health Organization (1948): “health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of infirmity” (HHS, 2000).

5. What does this mouth tell you?

6. How about this one?

7. What could be wrong here? Thrush Oral cancer Periodontal Disease Severe Periodontal Disease Caries (Decay) Early Childhood Caries Could it get any worse?

8. $60 BILLION  Dental bill for the country in 2000….  Staggering  What do you think it is now?  2013 National Health Expenditure 2013 National Health Expenditure https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and- reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/downloads/highlights.pdf

9. The Craniofacial Complex  What does your mouth do for you?  Taste, smell, pain, touch, temperature, speech

10. The Mouth  You knew you wanted to be a hygienist….  Because you wanted to help people?  When you were a little child in the dental office?  Or were you the unlucky estimated 130 million that don’t have dental insurance (NADP, 2009)

11. The Gatekeepers  Mucosal lining in the mouth protects from invasion  Has over 500 different strains of bacteria! http://youtu.be/1_BtmYCk7Rk

12. The teeth  Begin forming in utero  Erupting at 6 months – 2 or 3 years of age  Primary dentition  32 adult teeth each with a unique function

13. Saliva  Protects the teeth from invaders  Flow: dislodges pathogens  Composition: causes clumping of bacteria together to destroy it  Low salt content : causes bacteria to die  Antimicrobial content: lysozymes, lactoferrin, etc work to kill bacteria  Buffering: allows it to regain a normal pH after eating acidic foods

14. Immune System  Alive and present in the oral cavity  When disease is present:

15. Dental Caries  Prep of decayed tooth Prep of decayed tooth  S. Mutans: most common  Lactobacillus: root caries  pH: 5.5 on enamel  6.5 for ROOT SURFACE! (Diet Coke – 2.5)  Root Canal Therapy Root Canal Therapy  25% = children 2-5yrs with cavities; 60 yrs. and up who have lost ALL their teeth; non-Hispanic Whites 6-8 yrs have untreated  40% = Hispanic or Latinos with untreated decay at 6-8 yrs old!

16. Periodontal Disease  Calculus removal with ultrasonic Calculus removal with ultrasonic  50% = number of people in US with perio

17. What’s our nation’s oral health picture?  20% = # of dentists who take Medicaid patients  16 million (56%)= number of Medicaid children who had no dental care-2009  1 of 7 = children ages 6-12 with toothaches in 2008 Pew Center on the States, A Costly Dental Destination, February 2012, accessed 9/9/2014 at: http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_Assets/2012/A%20Costly%20Dental%20Destination(1).pdf http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_Assets/2012/A%20Costly%20Dental%20Destination(1).pdf

18. More numbers  47 million = # of Americans living in HPSAs  830,590 = number of ER visits due to preventable dental conditions (2009) 16% increase from 2006  WI = <32,000 ER visits costing $7 million  IL = ≥77,000 ER visits in Chicago alone Pew Center on the States, A Costly Dental Destination, February 2012, accessed 9/9/2014 at: http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_Assets/2012/A%20Costly%20Dental%20Destination(1).pdf http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_Assets/2012/A%20Costly%20Dental%20Destination(1).pdf

19. Our role  Understand the problem  Critically think about the solutions  Integrate the knowledge  Adopt change in our profession