2. I.Ideas Behind the Constitution A.Iroquois League – states govern own affairs but join together for defense

3. I.Ideas Behind the Constitution A.Iroquois League – states govern own affairs but join together for defense B.Magna Carta of 1215 – limiting the power of a ruler

4. I.Ideas Behind the Constitution A.Iroquois League – states govern own affairs but join together for defense B.Magna Carta of 1215 – limiting the power of a ruler C.John Locke’s writings – people’s right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

5. I.Ideas Behind the Constitution A.Iroquois League – states govern own affairs but join together for defense B.Magna Carta of 1215 – limiting the power of a ruler C.John Locke’s writings – people’s right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness D.Baron de Montesquieu – separation of powers

6. II.A Stronger National Government A.Federalism – division of powers between state and national governments

7. B.Federal Powers: 1.Can declare war 2.Issue money 3.Regulate trade with other countries 4.Make treaties C.State Powers: 1.Regulate trade within borders 2.Establish local governments 3.Conduct local elections 4.Establish public schools 5.Provide for the safety, health, and welfare of citizens

8. D.Overlapping Powers: 1.Power to tax 2.Try criminals in court 3.Build roads E.Constitution is the supreme law of the land – settles all conflicts between state and national governments

9. III.Separation of Powers – three branches A.Legislative Branch 1.Senate and House of Representatives 2.Makes the laws

10. III.Separation of Powers – three branches A.Legislative Branch 1.Senate and House of Representatives 2.Makes the laws B.Executive Branch 1.President, Vice President, and advisors 2.President is: a.Commander in chief of armed forces b.Responsible for relations with other countries

11. Timothy F. Geithner – Secretary of Treasury Ken Salazar – Secretary of Interior Eric Holder– Attorney General Hillary Rodham Clinton– Secretary of State Arne Duncan – Secretary of Education Robert Gates – Secretary of Defense

12. Nancy Pelosi – Speaker of the House Robert Byrd – President pro tempore Order of Presidential Succession 1. The Vice President Joseph BidenJoseph Biden 2. Speaker of the House Nancy PelosiNancy Pelosi 3. President pro tempore of the Senate Robert ByrdRobert Byrd 4. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham ClintonHillary Rodham Clinton 5. Secretary of the Treasury Timothy GeithnerTimothy Geithner 6. Secretary of Defense Robert GatesRobert Gates 7. Attorney General Eric HolderEric Holder 8. Secretary of the Interior Ken SalazarKen Salazar 9. Secretary of Agriculture Tom VilsackTom Vilsack 10. Secretary of Commerce Gary LockeGary Locke 11. Secretary of Labor Hilda SolisHilda Solis 12. Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius 13. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun DonovanShaun Donovan 14. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHoodRay LaHood 15. Secretary of Energy Stephen ChuStephen Chu 16. Secretary of Education Arne DuncanArne Duncan 17. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric ShinsekiEric Shinseki 18. Secretary of Homeland Security Janet NapolitanoJanet Napolitano

13. C.Judicial Branch 1.Interprets laws 2.Decides cases involving constitutional rights 3.Settles disputes between states

14. KennedyStevensRobertsScaliaSouter BreyerThomas Ginsburg Alito

15. IV.Electing the President – The Electoral College A.Electors represent voters of each state B.Number of electors same as number of senators and representatives in state C.Until 1804, runner-up in elections became vice president V.Checks and Balances A.Constitution gave each branch some control over the other branches B.Examples: 1.Vetoes 2.Impeachment

16. What do these two men have in common? Andrew JohnsonBill Clinton

17. VI.Ratifying the Constitution A.Debate for ratification of Constitution created two groups: 1.Federalists a.Favored Constitution and strong national government b.James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay

18. 2.Anti-Federalists a.Opposed Constitution and strong national government b.John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry

19. B.June 1788, Massachusetts became 9 th state to ratify the Constitution and it became the law of the land VII.Adding a Bill of Rights A.Passed in 1789 B.10 Amendments to the Constitution C.Protected basic rights and freedoms