1. Agenda

2. Vocabulary Words RNA Codon Anticodon Amino Acid Intron Polypeptide Exon Uracil Gene Ribosome Enzyme Transcription Translation Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA

3. RNA A monomer of RNA is made up of nucleotides. Nucleotides have 3 parts: 1.Simple Sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogenous Base Ribose 1 phosphorus atom surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms 4 bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G) Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)

4. RNA RNA is a nucleotide like DNA, but differs in structure 3 ways: 1. Single Stranded 2. Simple Sugar is Ribose 3. RNA contains Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T)

5. RNA 3 Types of RNA: 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

6. Why do we Need DNA? DNA carries the instructions for making proteins. DNA cannot leave the nucleus, but the instructions must be sent to the ribosome's in the cytoplasm.

7. Why DNA? During transcription DNA is transcribed (copied) into messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA carries the instructions out of the nucleus to the ribosomes.

8. Transcription takes place in the nucleus. Enzymes make an mRNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand. Transcri ption Transcription results in a single strand of mRNA.

9. DNA contains non-coding nucleotide sequences called introns. *These do not carry instructions (or code) for making proteins Nucleotide sequences that contain coding information are called exons. * These parts are expressed Transcri ption

10. Coding Sequences DNA: A-T-C-A-A-G-C-G-T-A-G-A-T-A RNA: U- A-U U- G-C-U-G-A-C-U-A-C- DNA: T-C-G-A-C-A-A-T-G-G-C-A-T-C RNA: A-G-C-U-G-U-U-A-C-C-G-U-A-G

11. Agenda Warm-Up Translation Notes Start mRNA model Worksheet Prelab The process of making a strand mRNA form a portion of DNA is called? This process takes place where in the cell? Answer in complete sentences!

12. Once the mRNA is transcribed it can leave the nucleus and acts as a genetic message that contains all the information to build a protein. Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 amino acids. These are coded for by the 4 bases. A code is needed to translate mRNA to proteins mRNA to Protein Translation

13. Translation is converting the information from mRNA to a sequence of amino acids to a protein mRNA to Protein Translation Translation takes place at the ribosomes

15. Three nitrogenous bases in mRNA code for one amino acid. Each three letter “word” is called a codon. There are 64 possible combinations from the 4 bases! Ex: Glycine (aa) can have the codons: GGU, GGC, GGA, or GGG However GGG can only code for Glycine mRNA to Protein Translation

16. More than one codon can code for the same amino acid. For any codon there is only one amino acid. All organism use the same code…Universal

18. A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, carrying an amino acid, must join with the correct codon on the mRNA molecule. The tRNA has a sequence of three nucleotides called the anticodon, because they bind to the codon of the mRNA mRNA to Protein Translation The amino acids link together to form a polypeptide chain of the protein.

20. ACGCAUUGAACGCAUUGA U G C A C UG U A thr his Stop

22. Agenda Warm-Up DNA Lab Lab Report During translation, a mRNA codon is matched with: A.The anticodon of rRNA molecule that carries 3 amino acids B.The anticodon of tRNA molecule that carries 3 amino acids C.The anticodon of tRNA molecule that carries 1 amino acids

23. Book Assignment! Copy the question. Answer in complete sentences or copy all answer choices! Page Understanding Key Ideas # 2, 3, 6 Page Understanding Concepts # 1, 3, 4 Page Section 1 Review # 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Essay: Two page typed research paper on DNA. Include information on the discovery of the molecule and its structure and how DNA is used in forensic science.

24. Agenda Packets Due Take Quiz Return last week’s quiz Turn in RNA worksheet and model Finish protein synthesis pamphlet