1. End Show Slide 1 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology

2. End Show Slide 2 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 30-2 Fishes

3. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 3 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Is a Fish? Fishes are aquatic vertebrates. Most fishes have paired fins, scales, and gills. Anal fin Eye Mouth Dorsal fin Caudal fin Operculum (gill cover) Pelvic fin Pectoral fin Lateral lineScales

4. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 4 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Evolution of Fishes The First Fishes The earliest fishes to appear in the fossil record lived about 510 million years ago. Cambrian Period These fishes were jawless and had bodies covered with bony plates, and lacked paired fins.

5. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 5 of 62 Age of Fishes Fish underwent a major adaptive radiation. The species to emerge ruled the sea during the Devonian Period. This is called the Age of Fishes Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 6 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Evolution of Fishes The Arrival of Jaws and Paired Fins The evolution of jaws in fish was extremely useful. Jaws with muscles and teeth made it possible for fish to eat a wider variety of foods. Animals with jaws can also defend themselves by biting.

7. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 7 of 62 Another adaptation was the evolution of paired pelvic and pectoral fins. Paired fins gave fish more control. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

8. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 8 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Evolution of Fishes The Rise of Modern Fishes Early jawed fishes soon disappeared, but left behind two major groups that continued to evolve and still survive today. One group—the ancestors of modern sharks and rays—evolved a skeleton made of strong, resilient cartilage. The other group evolved skeletons made of true bone.

9. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 9 of 62 Form and Function Digestion – In addition to the stomach, many fish have a pyloric ceca. It secretes digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients form digested food. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 10 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Fishes Body muscle circulation Brain and head circulation Heart Digestive system circulation Gills Circulation in a Fish – single loop/closed

11. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 11 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Fishes Many bony fishes have an internal, gas-filled organ called a swim bladder that adjusts their buoyancy. Swim bladder

12. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 12 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Form and Function in Fishes Fishes use their gills to exchange gases by pulling oxygen-rich water in through their mouths, pumping it over their gill filaments, and pushing oxygen-poor water out through openings in the sides of the pharynx. Gills

13. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 13 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Groups of Fishes All living fishes can be classified into three groups: jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes. Groups of Fishes

14. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 14 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Jawless Fishes Jawless fishes have no true teeth or jaws. Their skeletons are made of fibers and cartilage. They lack vertebrae, and keep their notochords as adults. Groups of Fishes

15. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 15 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Modern jawless fishes are divided into two classes: lampreys and hagfishes. Lamprey Groups of Fishes

16. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 16 of 62 Hagfish Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Hagfish

17. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 17 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Sharks and Their Relatives The class Chondrichthyes contains sharks, rays, skates, sawfishes, and chimaeras. The skeletons of these fishes are built entirely of cartilage. Groups of Fishes

18. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 18 of 62 Pacific Manta Ray Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

19. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 19 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Bony Fishes Bony fishes make up the class Osteichthyes. Their skeletons are made of bone. Almost all living bony fishes are ray-finned fishes. “Ray-finned” refers to the slender bony spines, or rays, that are connected by a thin layer of skin to form the fins. Groups of Fishes

20. End Show 30-2 Fishes Slide 20 of 62 Bony Fish Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

21. End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 21 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 30-2

22. End Show Slide 22 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 30-2 A characteristic of almost all fish is a.a notocord as an adult. b.the presence of scales. c.a skeleton made of cartilage. d.the lack of jaws.

23. End Show Slide 23 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 30-2 An example of a fish that is a filter feeder as a larva and a parasite as an adult is a a.shark. b.skate. c.lamprey. d.lungfish.

24. End Show Slide 24 of 62 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 30-2 Most members of the class containing sharks and rays are characterized by a.a cartilaginous skeleton. b.a bony skeleton. c.a single operculum over the gills. d.no swim bladder.

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