2. Unit 4: Competition & Conflict

3. What is Isolationism?  Isolationism means noninvolvement in world affairs.

4.  George Washington, in his 1796 Farewell Address, advised Americans to increase trade with other countries, but to have “as little political connection as possible”.  We followed isolationism as our American foreign policy for around 100 years.

5. What is Imperialism? Imperialism is a policy that calls for expanding a nation’s boundaries and creating large empires..

6. In the 1890s, Americans began to look beyond our nation’s borders to frontiers overseas where we could expand trade and compete for political influence.

7. Why was America interested in overseas expansion in the late 1800s? Causes  Access to natural resources  Refueling stations  Trade routes  Economic interests  New markets for manufactured goods

8. Effects  Annexation of Hawaii – Aggressive policy of giving the Hawaiian islands to the U.S.  Open Door Policy - policy that would allow all trading nations access to Chinese markets

9. What factors contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish American War?  Exaggerated news reports of events – this is called yellow journalism “You make the picture and I’ll make the war.”

10. Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor, Cuba (political)

11. “Remember the Maine” became a rallying cry for revenge after the sinking of this American ship In Havana Harbor

12.  American support of the Cuban independence movement (political)  Reports of Spanish brutality to Cuban prisoner

13. Protection of American investments (business interests) in Cuba (economic)

14. Key events and personalities involved in the Spanish American War  Rough Riders – led by Teddy Roosevelt, this was the First Regiment of U.S. Cavalry Volunteers, an assorted group of former cowhands, miners, policemen, American Indians, and college students.  TR led the Rough Riders at the Battle of San Juan Hill. The Americans captured San Juan Hill after intense fighting.

15. Rough Riders

16. Buffalo Soldiers  African American soldiers who served in the army  Fought with the Rough Riders in the Battle of San Juan Hill

17.  President McKinley – president during the time of the Spanish-American War.  John Hay – Secretary of State called the Spanish American War a “splendid little war” because it lasted fewer than 4 months and only 460 Americans were killed.

18. “A Splendid Little War” John Hay

19. Admiral George Dewey – Led the Battle of Manila Bay in the Philippines which destroyed the Spanish fleet Emilio Aguinaldo – head of the Filipino rebel forces that led the ground assault in the Philippines

20. What were the results of the American victory in the Spanish-American War?  The United States emerged as a world power.  Cuba gained independence from Spain.  The United States gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

21. Annexation of the Philippines  Filipinos had fought with Americans to gain their independence from Spain  President McKinley decided that the Philippines would become an American colony  They would rebel against the United States until 1902 when the American army would capture the rebels and restore order

22. Theodore Roosevelt (R) 1901 – 1908 Motto “Speak softly, but carry a big stick” Foreign Policy Gunboat Diplomacy

23. o TR wanted to strengthen the U.S. Army and Navy o TR believed to be a world power, the U.S. needed a “two ocean” navy PROBLEM: How can U.S. warships get from the Atlantic to the Pacific easily?

24. SOLUTION: Build a canal through the isthmus of Panama to connect the 2 oceans. The U.S. “took” the canal zone by helping the people of Panama revolt against their ruling nation, Columbia. Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine by adding the Roosevelt Corollary.

25. Panama Canal

26. The Roosevelt Corollary In addition to no more European colonization of the Western Hemisphere, the U.S would be a “police force” for the Americas and the surrounding islands. To prove his point, TR sent 16 white battleships on a world tour as a sign of American strength. (The Great White Fleet)

27. The Great White Fleet

28. Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Philosophy – Roosevelt would be viewed as the policeman for the United States monitoring events in North & South America.