1. Introductory Laboratory Notes Biology

2. Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Qualititative: – A description of data without numbers Quantitative: – Numerical data

3. Graphing Some general rules: Keep your units spaced equally 0, 10, 20, 30…. Or.1,.2,.3,.4 ….. NOT 0, 5, 10, 25, 35, 55 Always use the entire piece of graph paper, NO MINI GRAPHS!!!!

4. What are the general names for the variables on the X and Y axis? Independent Variable: (control factor) what you are controlling, frequently time (x-axis) Dependent Variable: (variable factor) What you are measuring, (y- axis) or what you are curious about.

5. Sample Data Years of Education Average Salary 25 + ♂ Average Salary 25 + ♀ Some high school$21,000$12,000 High school diploma$29,000$16,000 Associates degree$35,000$23,000 Bachelor’s degree$48,000$30,000 Master’s degree$58,000$40,000 Please identify the: Independent variable: Dependent variable: Years of Education Average Salary

6. Let’s graph the data!

7. What is Density? Density: Amount of stuff (mass) in a given space (volume) D= M/V Mass (g): How much stuff, this doesn’t depend on gravity, weight does. Volume (mL): How much space is available, (mL or cm 3 ) 1mL= 1cm 3

8. What is the density of a substance with a mass of 200g and a volume of 100mL? D= ? D=M V D = 200 g 100 mL D = 2 g/mL

9. The Scientific Method Observation: Notice something that catches your interest. Hypothesis: Make an inference (assumption) based on observations Experiment: Design an experiment that tests only the hypothesis Results: Display your results in a charts or graphs Conclusion: Does your data support or not support your hypothesis? WHY?????

10. More on Experiment Independent Variable vs. Dependent Variable – Dependent is what you’re measuring! Control: Run the experiment under “normal” conditions and then compare your experimental results to the control Experimental Constants: The things you keep constant during the Experiment