2. Animal Classification

3. THE ANIMAL KINGDOM BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS: 1. 2. 3. NINE ANIMAL PHYLA INVERTEBRATES: VERTEBRATES (CHORDATES): (1 phylum) MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS- Eukaryotic CAPABILITY OF LOCOMOTION MUST INGEST FOOD- Heterotrophic (8 PHYLA) ALL LACK INTERNAL SKELETON, SOME HAVE EXOSKELTON OR SHELL INTERNAL SKELTON MADE OF BONE/ CARTILAGE.

4. Surfaces Dorsal – back or upper surface Ventral – belly or lower surface Anterior – head or front end Posterior – tail or hind end opposite the head Oral surface (echinoderms) – is where the mouth is located (underside) Aboral surface (echinoderms) – is opposite the mouth (top side)

5. DORSAL VENTRAL Surfaces (Most Animals) ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

6. Surfaces (Echinoderms) ORAL ABORAL mouth

7. Body Symmetry Symmetry is the arrangement of body parts around a central plane or axis Asymmetry occurs when the body can’t be divided into similar sections (sponges)

8. Body Symmetry Radial symmetry occurs when body parts are arranged around a central point like spokes on a wheel (echinoderms) Most animals with radial symmetry are sessile (attached) or sedentary (move very little)

10. Body Symmetry Bilateral symmetry occurs when animals can be divided into equal halves along a single plane Organisms will have right and left sides that are mirror images of each other More complex type of symmetry

11. Body Symmetry Animals with bilateral symmetry are usually motile Animals have an anterior and posterior ends Show cephalization (concentration of sensory organs on the head or anterior end)

14. 1. Phylum PORIFERA: ‘Pore- Bearing” Filter feeders Asymmetrical Feed and get rid of wastes thru diffusion Sessile=nonmotile, attached to a surface while living Ex.- sponges

16. 2. Phylum CNIDARIA EXAMPLES: CORAL, JELLYFISH, SEA ANEMONE Have stinging tentacles Stun prey with toxins Prey is drawn into mouth and dissolved/ digested Radial symmetry

17. Polyps: Sea anemones

19. Purple striped jelly, Pelagia panopyra

21. 3. Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES: EXAMPLES: PLANARIA, FLUKE, TAPEWORM Flat worms One opening for ingestion and elimination Primitive nervous system Exchange gases by diffusion through moist membranes Bilateral symmetry

22. Planarian

25. 4. Phylum ANNELIDA EXAMPLES: LEECH, EARTHWORMS Segmented worms Each segment has a nervous, circulatory, excretory, and muscular system Bilateral symmetry First organism with complex body systems

28. 5. Phylum Nematoda Round worms Have long, slender bodies Have a hollow, fluid filled body cavity Most are free-living on land or in fresh or salt water Many species are parasitic Examples- Ascaris, hookworms, pinworms

30. 6. Phylum ARTHROPODA EXAMPLES: SHRIMP, LOBSTER, CRAB, BARNACLE Animals with jointed appendages Have an exoskeleton They shed their exoskeleton (molt) We study crustaceans – these are marine arthropods

34. 7. Phylum MOLLUSCA All have a soft body There are 3 classes: gastropods, bi-valves, cephalopods Most have an external shell. Have bi-lateral symmetry Cephalopods are extremely intelligent ex.- snail, clams, squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus

38. 8. Phylum ECHINODERMATA Have spiny bodies Radial symmetry Benthic- bottom dwellers Central mouth on ventral surface ex.- sea urchin, sea star, sea cucumber, sand dollar

40. 9. Phylum CHORDATA Have a backbone that protects the spinal cord=ALL vertebrates!!! Most developed nervous system Contains animals that we are most familiar with ex.- fish, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds