1. Learning Module 7 Offender Motivations

5. Thrill-seekingReactiveRetaliatoryMission Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

6. Thrill-Seeking

7. Thrill-Seeking On the same day speakers from the gay community address some classes on campus, the phrases "AIDS from God you hell-bound homos," and "Fags deserve to die" are spray-painted outside the student union (where the local BGLAD chapter is located). The graffiti is visible to persons entering the building and to drivers on the street. Two students are overheard joking about how they left their dorm rooms in the middle of the night to spray-paint the school. Case 4: Homophobic Graffiti Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

8. Thrill-Seeking Two white youths attack 23 properties in three different communities. They deface walls, driveways, and automobiles with slurs against Jews, African Americans, and immigrants, and vandalize the cars of two skinheads. When arrested, they claim they had "nothing better to do" and that it "only happened because we were drunk." Both insist they hadn’t meant any harm. Case 5: Vandalism Spree Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission Cited in Levin, J., & McDevitt, J. (1993). Hate crimes: The rising tide of bigotry and bloodshed. New York: Plenum Press.

9. Thrill-Seeking Three teenage girls spray-paint swastikas and the number 88 on a Jewish family’s home in their neighborhood. They leave a note in the mailbox that reads, "That’s what you get for not putting up Xmas decorations." A member of the family says,"Between the note, the fact that we are the only Jews on the street, and evidence that they didn’t target anybody else, it seems pretty obvious why they did it." Case 6: Christmas Decorations Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

10. Thrill-Seeking Three drunken white teenagers attack Thanh Mai, a young Vietnamese man. The attack occurs at a primarily Vietnamese teen nightclub where these teens had previously harassed other minority patrons. One of the teens approaches the victim, asking, "What the fuck are you looking at, jungle bunny?" He then punches Thanh, who dies five days later from major head trauma. Case 7: Teen Night Club Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

11. Thrill-Seeking Case 14: Two young male students on a municipal transit bus that was leaving a campus saw a transgender female, who was wearing a dress, asleep in a seat next to them. One of the males began making transphobic remarks and then used a pocket lighter to set the transgender female’s dress on fire. The victim sustained first- degree burns all over her body.

12. Reactive

13. Reactive A white student and an Asian student have been living on the same floor for three years with no problems. One day, the Asian student throws out the white student’s term paper, mistakenly believing it is his own trash. When the white student finds out, he, runs out, calls his neighbor a "damn gook," and punches him in the face. What if the Asian student just moved into the dorm? Soon after, the white student begins to yell racial epithets, and the term paper incident escalates into vandalism and harassment against the Asian student. Case 1: Angry Neighbors Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission Adapted from Richard Cole, Assistant Attorney General, Chief, Civil Rights Division, Massachusetts Attorney General’s Office.

14. Reactive An eleven-year-old black girl sees a 6’5," 250 lb. white man exercising on the campus of the historically black college in her neighborhood. She walks up to him, stands inches away, leans up, and says, "This is a black college, white boy. Stay out." What if it is a 6’5" 250 lb. white man who sees an eleven-year-old black girl exercising in his all white college? He walks up to her and, standing inches away, leans down and says in a powerful voice, "This is a white school, blacky. Stay out." Case 2: Football Field Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission Adapted from Richard Cole, Assistant Attorney General, Chief, Civil Rights Division, Massachusetts Attorney General’s Office.

15. Reactive A white student and a Hispanic student have been dating. At a school event shortly before the homecoming dance, and again on the night of the dance, the couple sees three young white men shooting paint balls at the girl’s car. Prior to the incident, this couple has spoken out at a school assembly about racism and other forms of prejudice at their school. Case 3: Homecoming Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

16. Reactive Two young white men drive home from the unemployment office. As they turn onto their street, they see two African American women locking the door to their new small business. They stop the car and chase the women. One woman runs toward a house and is rescued by the occupant, who hears one of the assailants warn, "You black bitch, if you knock on that door again, I’ll kill you." The other woman tries to escape into the woods, but trips and falls. The attackers beat her head and face, rip off her blouse, and douse her with lighter fluid, laughing and saying, "Torch the nigger." As they attempt to light the fluid, police cars arrive at the scene. Case 8: Escape to the Woods Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

17. Reactive Thirteen-year-old Lenard Clark, an African American boy, is beaten and left for dead by three white teenagers. He is attacked as he rides his bicycle near the edge of a primarily white neighborhood. While beating him, the teens shout racial epithets and tell him to get out of their neighborhood. This neighborhood is situated within a predominately African American area of Chicago’s South Side. Case 9: South Side Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

18. Reactive Marc Lepine, an engineering student who had flunked out of school, enters the engineering school at the University of Montreal with a gun. His intention, stated in his suicide note, is to "get even" with the feminist women who ruined his life. He walks into the engineering building and directs the men to leave and the women to move to one side of the room. He says, "I want the women. You’re all a bunch of feminists. I hate feminists." He opens fire and kills 14 women and then takes his own life. Case 10: University of Montreal Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

19. Reactive In 1991, in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, a black child is accidentally killed by an Orthodox Jewish driver. Rumors spread that an Orthodox-owned ambulance company refused to treat the black pedestrian and attended only to the Jewish passengers. Fueled by these rumors, black youths march through the streets shouting, "Kill the Jews." The crowd randomly attacks and kills a Jewish man who is completely unconnected with the accident. The police later report that they had ordered the ambulance to remove the Jewish driver from the scene to protect him from the angry crowd. Case 13: Crown Heights Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

20. Retaliatory

21. Retaliatory Footage of white Los Angeles police officers brutally beating an African American man, Rodney King, is repeatedly shown on national news shows. The officers are acquitted and riots ensue, particularly in African American neighborhoods in Los Angeles. During the riots, a group of young black men drag Reginald Denny, a white truck driver, from the cab of his truck and severely beat him. Denny is saved by another group of African Americans living in the neighborhood. Case 12: Los Angeles Riots Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

22. Retaliatory In 1991, in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, a black child is accidentally killed by an Orthodox Jewish driver. Rumors spread that an Orthodox-owned ambulance company refused to treat the black pedestrian and attended only to the Jewish passengers. Fueled by these rumors, black youths march through the streets shouting, "Kill the Jews." The crowd randomly attacks and kills a Jewish man who is completely unconnected with the accident. The police later report that they had ordered the ambulance to remove the Jewish driver from the scene to protect him from the angry crowd. Case 13: Crown Heights Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

23. Mission

24. Mission Marc Lepine, an engineering student who had flunked out of school, enters the engineering school at the University of Montreal with a gun. His intention, stated in his suicide note, is to "get even" with the feminist women who ruined his life. He walks into the engineering building and directs the men to leave and the women to move to one side of the room. He says, "I want the women. You’re all a bunch of feminists. I hate feminists." He opens fire and kills 14 women and then takes his own life. Case 10: University of Montreal Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

25. Mission Benjamin Smith, 21, kills an African American man who is walking with his children, and a Korean American man standing outside his church. He wounds six Orthodox Jews leaving their synagogue on the Jewish Sabbath. He also fires at an Asian American couple and two African American men. He later wounds an Asian American man standing on the corner. Smith is a member of a white supremacist Christian Identity Group and had been known to recruit students for white supremacist organizations. The shooting spree occurs during the July Fourth weekend in towns where Smith lived at one time. Case 11: July Fourth Copyright ©2001. Wiley-Cordone, J. Preventing Youth Hate Crime: A Multidisciplinary Training Manual. National Center for Hate Crime Prevention, Education Development Center, Inc.: Newton, MA. Used with permission

26. How can understanding Offender Motivations help direct bias & hate crime prevention work?