1. STUDY OF ELEMENTS OF A 220/132/33KV SUBSTATIONBY
ARVIND KUMAR

2. CONTENTS Introduction Sub station Types of substation Design of a substation Design Considerations of Transmission Substation Equipment of A Transmission Substation Line Diagram Sub station Bus Schemes Substation Location The Functions of the substation Causes of faults Transformer in a substation Protection devices Conclusion

3. This project includes study of transmission lines, bus bars, circuit breakers, isolators, earth switches, various types of transformers such as power transformer, capacitor voltage transformer, current transformers, lightning arresters, wave traps and grounding system of substation.

4. Sub Station
Substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers.

5. Types of Substation Transmission Substation
A transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines.
Distribution Substation
A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area.
Collector Substation
The collector substation steps up voltage to a transmission voltage for the grid. The collector substation also provides power factor correction, metering and control of the wind farm. The collector system operates around 35 KV.

6. Design Considerations of Transmission Substation
Load density
Level of High voltage
Level of Low voltage
Land availability
Reliability requirements
Load growth
Voltage drop
Cost and losses

7. Equipments of A Transmission Substation
Transformers
Circuit breakers
Disconnecting switches
Station buses and insulators
Reactors
Grounding systems
Lightning arrestors
Line traps
Protective relays
Station batteries

8. DESIGN OF A SUBSTATION Substation should be located at load centre
Sufficient land area
Grounding

9. Factors affecting selection of a substation
Safety,
Reliability,
Economy,
Simplicity,

10. Substation Bus Schemes
Single bus scheme
Double bus double breaker
Double bus single breaker scheme
Ring bus scheme

11. Substation Location
Locate substation as much as closer to load centers
Locate substation such that proper voltage regulation is obtained without taking extensive measures.
Locate substation such that it provides access for incoming sub-transmission lines and out going primary feeders.
Locate such that it allows future expansion of the substation it self.

12. Functions of the substation are
To Change voltage from one level to another.
To Switch transmission and distribution circuits into and out of the grid system.
To Measure various parameters.
To Connect communication signals to the circuits.
To Eliminate lightning and other electrical surges from the system.
To Connect electric generation plants to the system.
To Make interconnections between the electric systems of more than one utility

13. Insulation and Conducting path failure. Over-voltages
Causes of Faults
Insulation and Conducting path failure.
Over-voltages
Puncturing or breaking of insulators.
Tripping of Circuit Breaker
Accumulation of foreign bodies.

14. Transformer Types of a Transformers Transformers used in substation
Auto transformer
Poly Phase transformers
Instrument transformers
Transformers used in substation
Power Transformers
Current Transformers
Voltage Transformers

15. Various Protection devies
Lightning Arresters
Control and Relay Panel
Circuit Breakers

16. Input Rating: Voltage: 415 V + 10 %
various instruments
Conductor Systems
DC Battery and Charger
Input Rating: Voltage: 415 V + 10 %
Frequency: 50 Hz. 3 Phase Output Rating: Float: 220 V, 10 Amp Boost: 180 V, 30Amp
Wave Trapper
CONT..,

17. CONT..,
Isolators
Insulators
Bus Bar
Grounding

18. CONCLUSION
we studied about the operation of different equipments in substation.
It includes study of transmission lines
Bus bars
Various types of transformers
Circuit breakers
Isolators
Earth switches
Current transformers
Voltage transformers
Lightning arresters
Wave traps
Grounding system of substation

19. ANY QUERIES ???
THANK YOU