1. LEGAL HISTORY

2. IMPORTANCE  Evolution of law and its changes  Claims of “civilisation”  Reflection of the history of society

3. ANCIENT CIVILISATION

4. SUMER  The code of Ur-nammu  Crime and punishment  Remarkably advanced because of the concept of monetary compensation

5. BABYLON  Code of Hammurabi  Lex talionis = an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth  Scaled punishment according to social status  Contract, liability, inheritance, divorce, slavery  Presumption of innocence

6. ROMAN  Influenced by Greeks  No professional judge  Twelve tables  Private law  Civil procedure

7.  Justinian code = Corpus juris civilis  A selection of the empire law  Private and public law

8. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF ROMAN LAW  The Use of Latin  Stare decisis  Pacta sunt servanda  Basis for legal practice in Western Europe and its colonies

9. MIDDLE AGES

10. RENAISSANCE  Rediscovery of Roman law through the University of Bologna and partially formed modern civil law  Codification with detailed explanation  Rivalry with common law which spread with the Norman conquest of England

11.  Hugo Grotius  International law  Society of states governed not by force but by actual laws and mutual agreements

12. MODERN

13. 18 TH CENTURY  Napoleonic code  Reform of French legal system following the feudal period  4 categories: persons, property, acquisition of property, civil procedure  Adopted pan-European scope  Influential even with developing countries

14.  BGB  Product of the process of civil law codification of the law of the states  Template for civil law jurisdictions in other countries: Japan, China  Four parts: law of obligations, property, family, succession

15. MODERN HISTORY  EU law  Ideals of integration  Treaty of Rome 1957 establishing the European Economic Community  Supremacy of the EU law

16. CHINA  Confucian  Emphasis on family and social harmony  Li = norm  Fa = statute

17.  Official law  Emanated from the authority of the emperor  No separation of power  Unofficial law = custom  Inquisitorial system

18. INDIA  Traditional  Manusmriti  Philosophy of tolerance and pluralism  Sources of law include sacred text, custom, tradition

19.  Colonial  Replaced by British common law  Maintained marriage, divorce, inheritance, caste system