1. Genetically Modified Mosquitos Annie Kaplan

2. Introduction Malaria is a disease carried through mosquito saliva Estimated 214 million cases per year Common in Africa, Asia, and South America Treatable http://www.cdc.gov/features/stopmo squitoes/ http://www.malaria.com/questions/where- malaria-found

3. The problem at hand Medications such as chloroquine or artemisinin Accessibility, quantity, price

4. Accessibility Where can someone get proper medication? Are there clinics in the general vicinity? Are there people who can administer vaccinations or prescribe medicine?

5. Quantity How many people need to be treated? How much of a drug is there at any given time in a primitive clinic? How can there be enough medication for everyone?

6. Price How much does it cost to develop a drug? How much does it cost to be constantly shipping medications? How much does it cost to administer drugs and have a clinic open? What does this mean for the people infected by malaria?

7. Competing technologies Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation – Administering drugs and vaccinations Why this might not work – Accessibility – Quantity – Price

8. My design

9. The final plan Antibodies produced by mosquito Makes malaria no longer a vicious malady Two possible case scenarios – Antibodies and antigens join in mosquito – Antibodies and antigens join in human Malaria no longer hinders those who contract the disease

10. Expected results

11. Advantages in regards to accessibility Carried through the mosquito- common Gene passed down through generations Eventually antibodies could even become more common than the antigen

12. Advantages in regards to quantity Short mosquito lifespan= lots of passing of the gene Rapid replication of gene Lots of abundance of anti-plasmodium falciparum antibody

13. Advantages in regards to price Mosquitos= vendor for treatment No clinics to set up No people to administer the drug No constant need to ship medicine

14. Potential problems Several strains of malaria Evolution

15. Testing Try it out Use CRISPR/Cas9 to insert gene Have mosquito bite animal/rodent ELISA test to see if there is a change in antibody levels

16. Sources http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/diagnosis- treatment/treatment/txc-20168001 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/diagnosis- treatment/treatment/txc-20168001 http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Health/Malaria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0iOB0a3Sho https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserved_sequence http://www.pnas.org/content/91/21/9866.short http://reason.com/archives/2014/07/25/gene-drives-are-a-great-way-to- play-god http://reason.com/archives/2014/07/25/gene-drives-are-a-great-way-to- play-god http://www.who.int/malaria/media/world_malaria_report_2014/en/ http://www.who.int/intellectualproperty/events/OpenForumGillSamuels.pdf http://www.biotechrabbit.com/antibody-production-services-and- oem/monoclonal-antibodies.html http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1357272508005098 http://www.jhsph.edu/news/news-releases/2012/dimopoulos- antibiodies.htm http://www.jhsph.edu/news/news-releases/2012/dimopoulos- antibiodies.htm

17. Thank you!