1. Key Issue 1: Where did Agriculture originate?

2. Invention of Agriculture Prior to the advent of agriculture, all humans probably obtained needed food through hunting and gathering. Origins of agriculture cannot be documented with certainty, because it began before recorded history. Agriculture is deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain

3. Hunting, fishing, gathering plants, etc. Lived in small groups w/ usually fewer than 50 ppl Men hunted game, women gathered berries, nuts, and roots Traveled frequently Depended on movement of game and seasonal growth of plants

4. Today less than 0.005% of the world’s population still survive by hunting and gathering Live in isolated locations Arctic Interior of Africa Australia South America

5. Humanity’s only “economic” activity for at least 90% of our existence. Low population densities. Wide variety of natural foodstuffs eaten. What stage of the DTM??????

6. Neolithic Revolution/1 st Agricultural Revolution Domestication of plants/animals…. Mankind no longer soley dependent on hunting and gathering Around 8000 B.C. World’s population grew at more rapid rate than it had in past Larger, more stable sources of food

7. Agriculture originated in multiple hearths around the world: Crop Hearths: Southwest Asia: Early crops: barley, wheat, lentil, and olive. East Asia: Early crops: Rice and millet. Sub-Saharan Africa Sorghum, Yams, rice Latin America Beans, cotton, potato, MAIZE

8. Vegetative Planting Direct cloning of plants Cutting stems and dividing roots Originated in SE Asia – taro, yam, banana, palm Diffused to China, Japan, India, SW Asia, and Africa Seed Agriculture Reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds Originated in Western India, northern China, Ethiopia Western Hemisphere – Mexico and Northern Peru

9. Southwest Asia: Early domesticated animals: Cattle, goats, pigs, sheep, and dogs. Central Asia: Early domesticated animals: Horses

10. Purpose of farming % of farmers in the labor force Use of machinery Farm size Relationship of farming to other business SubsistenceCommercial Purpose of farmingSurvivalProfit % of farmersLargeSmall Use of machineryLimitedExtensive Farm sizeSmallLarge Relationship to other business Noneagribusiness