2. 20061Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School Objectives 3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War. Goal Three: Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation. Objectives 3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.

3. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School2 Pre Civil War: Goal 3 Weak Presidents Stephen Douglas Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, 1850 Personal liberty laws Free Soil Party Know Nothings Republican Party, 1854 North Against Freeing Slaves Follow the Drinking Gourd Underground Railroad “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Two Governments in Kansas Lawrence, KS John Brown Bleeding Kansas Brooks-Sumner Incident Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857” Lincoln\Douglas Debates Freeport Doctrine Oct. 1859: Harper’s Ferry Lincoln elected Secession of SC Confederate States of America “So you’re the little lady that got this war to starting’ Ken Burns: The Civil War

4. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School3 Series of Weak Presidents All of the Presidents between Polk and Lincoln do little to ease sectionalism. They were too weak to prevent more sectionalism.

5. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School4 I’m going back to Cali What type of state would California be: free or slave? This upset the south because they thought the Missouri Compromise would apply here as it did in Louisiana. They were being stubborn and some talked of secession.

6. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School5 Stephen A. Douglas and the Compromise of 1850 Key leaders were Clay, Calhoun, Daniel Webster Stephen A. Douglas would get the compromise of 1850 passed through Congress Many of the above leaders were old, tired and nearing death and couldn’t continue on Douglas passed each part of the bill individually to ensure passage

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8. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School7 FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW Passed in 1850 it provided for the recovery of escaped slaves. Slave catchers had to appear before a judge and make a legal claim. Judges received $10 if they ruled a black person was a slave and $5 if not. Slavery was finally seen up close by the north and how they were treated. Fugitive Slave Song...Fast ForwardFugitive Slave Song...Fast Forward

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11. Review Compromise of 1850 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School10

12. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School11 Personal Liberty Laws Northern states began to pass laws against the fugitive slave law to protect runaway slaves Guaranteed jury trials that northern lawyers dragged out

13. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School12 Whig Party dies Zachary Taylor (Whig) won the presidency (1849- 50), but died in office from an inflamed stomach (he was bled to death and given opium). His successor, Millard Fillmore supported the Compromise of 1850. The Whig leaders Clay and Daniel Webster died soon after the compromise.

14. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School13 Free Soil Party Founded in 1848 Political party Opposed the extension of slavery in the territories Nominated Martin Van Buren as their candidate

15. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School14 Here come the Know Nothings The Know Nothings filled the gap and became a second political party, though short lived. The basis of their party was nativism –Anti-immigrant Extreme nativist Washington Monument

16. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School15 Republican Party Forms Those not wishing to join the Democrats had to find a new party… Republicans Most Republicans want to stop slavery from expanding; not abolition After the Ks-Neb. Act, 1854, the party was formed around several issues: abolition (territories) was among them. War Hero John C. Fremont was the first candidate for President from the party

17. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School16 Northerners against slavery Many northerners were against freeing the slaves because they might compete with them for jobs.

18. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School17 When the sun comes back" means winter and spring when the angle of the sun above the horizon at noon is getting higher each day. Quail are migratory birds which winter in the South. The Drinking Gourd is the Big Dipper. The old man is Peg Leg Joe. The verse tells slaves to leave in the winter and walk towards the Drinking Gourd. Eventually they will meet a guide who will escort them for the remainder of the trip. When the sun goes back and the first quail calls Follow the drinking gourd The old man is a-waitin' for to carry you to freedom Follow the drinking gourd Chorus Follow the drinking gourd, follow the drinking gourd For the old man is a-waitin' to carry you to freedom Follow the drinking gourd The river bed makes a mighty fine road, Dead trees to show you the way And it's left foot, peg foot, traveling on Follow the drinking gourd The river ends between two hills Follow the drinking gourd There's another river on the other side Follow the drinking gourd I thought I heard the angels say Follow the drinking gourd The stars in the heavens gonna show you the way Follow the drinking gourd Song Slave song that told of a route to escape to the north; Big Dipper Follow the Drinking Gourd

19. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School18 The Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman Escape route to the northEscape route to the north Harriet Tubman was one of the conductorsHarriet Tubman was one of the conductors Helped her own parents escape and 300 othersHelped her own parents escape and 300 others Also know as MosesAlso know as Moses She made 19 trips to the southShe made 19 trips to the south Had a price of $40,000 on her headHad a price of $40,000 on her head A few thousand escapedA few thousand escaped Quakers often helped themQuakers often helped them

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22. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School21 Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Showed the truth about slavery to the northShowed the truth about slavery to the north Stowe had never been to the deep south, but saw slavery on the Ohio borderStowe had never been to the deep south, but saw slavery on the Ohio border Sold over 300,000 copies in one yearSold over 300,000 copies in one year The North loved it and the south hated itThe North loved it and the south hated it Showed what the south didn’t want people to knowShowed what the south didn’t want people to know Aunt Eva’s CabinAunt Eva’s Cabin

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25. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School24 Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Introduced by Stephen Douglas to organize the territory which was above the 36,30 line. Popular sovereignty in Kansas & Neb. Seemed to nullify the Missouri Compromise Led to the creation of the Republican Party He made the abolitionists mad!!!

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27. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School26 Two Govts. In Kansas Slavery would be decided in Kansas by popular sovereignty During the vote, some people from Missouri crossed to border and voted Which way would they vote? There were pro slavery and anti slavery govts. in Kansas ;each claimed they were legitimate

28. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School27 Lawrence, Kansas Lawrence, Ks: Anti slavery town attacked by pro-slavery people John Brown (abolitionist) fought back At Pottawatomie Creek,he and his sons attacked a pro-slavery town Killed 5 pro-slavery men at Pottawattamie Creek; pulled them from their beds and hacked them with swords Brown left the Kansas territory

29. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School28 BLEEDING KANSAS Mini civil war in Kansas

30. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School29 More Problems Develop 1856: Northerner Charles Sumner is attacked in Congress after speech supporting a free Kansas (using harsh language) by southern Congressman Preston Brooks He used a golden cane Southern sympathizers sent Brooks new canes

31. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School30 James Buchanan James Buchanan is elected president (1857-61) Democrat; weak president Last Democrat elected until the late 1800’s

32. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School31 Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Scott was taken from the south to the north –He thought since he was on free soil, that he was free The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ruled the following: –Blacks were not citizens; slaves are property –Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional –Congress couldn’t prevent slavery from expanding First time since Marbury v. Madison a federal law was declared unconstitutional Many of the justices were southerners and the Chief Justice owned slaves

33. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School32 Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln Debates (1858) Race for the Illinois Senate They were complete opposites Key issue is debate over slavery Douglas proposed the Freeport Doctrine –slavery should be determined by popular sovereignty in the territories Lincoln said that Dred Scott Decision said that the territories couldn’t exclude slavery –Abe saw slavery as a moral evil. –Wasn’t an abolitionist;wanted to stop the expansion of slavery

34. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School33 Oct. 16, 1859 Harper’s Ferry, Va. John Brown led 18 to the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and went to get weapons and incite a slave rebellion It was put down by federal troops led by Robert E. Lee “I am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood” John Brown

35. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School34 Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected the first Republican President Lincoln’s election leads to the secession of South Carolina and later on, six other southern states follow The election is the immediate cause of the Civil War

36. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School35 Confederate States of America The Southern States form their own country Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy Stars and Bars Navy Jack

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38. 2006Hill Pearsall-Topsail High School37 So you’re the little lady that got this war to starting Said to Harriet Beecher Stowe by President Lincoln about her book What was her book?