1. Bellringer Using p. 180-81 in your textbook, list 7 organisms commonly found in an estuary. Using p. 180-81 in your textbook, list 7 organisms commonly found in an estuary. List 5 major cities that were founded on estuary harbors. List 5 major cities that were founded on estuary harbors.

2. Marine Ecosystems Chapter 7 p. 179 - 185

3. Marine Ecosystems Located in coastal areas and in open ocean Located in coastal areas and in open ocean Organisms present adapt to changes in water level, salinity, temperature, and available nutrients Organisms present adapt to changes in water level, salinity, temperature, and available nutrients

4. Coastal Wetlands Coastal land areas that are covered by salt water for all or part of the time Coastal land areas that are covered by salt water for all or part of the time Provide habitats, absorb excess rain, protect from flooding, filter out pollutants and sediments, provide recreational areas Provide habitats, absorb excess rain, protect from flooding, filter out pollutants and sediments, provide recreational areas Estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, rocky and sandy shores Estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, rocky and sandy shores

5. Estuaries Areas in which fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean Areas in which fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean Currents form, causing mineral-rich mud and nutrients to fall to bottom (perfect for producers) Currents form, causing mineral-rich mud and nutrients to fall to bottom (perfect for producers) Constant supply of fresh nutrients from river and ocean Constant supply of fresh nutrients from river and ocean Protected by surrounding land (mainland or peninsula) from harsh ocean waves Protected by surrounding land (mainland or peninsula) from harsh ocean waves

6. Quick Lab p. 180 1. Place a few drops of red food coloring in a test tube filled with water. 2. In a separate test tube, add salt water and a few drops of yellow food coloring. 3. Gently place some of the fresh water solution on top of the salt water solution. Analysis: How do fresh water and salt water interact in an estuary?

7. Plants and Animals of Estuaries Support many marine organisms b/c receive lots of light (photosynthesis) and plenty of nutrients for plants and animals Support many marine organisms b/c receive lots of light (photosynthesis) and plenty of nutrients for plants and animals Provide protected harbors, access to the ocean, and connection to a river Provide protected harbors, access to the ocean, and connection to a river

8. Plants & Animals of the Estuary

10. Threats to Estuaries In populated places, were often used to dump waste In populated places, were often used to dump waste Damaging pollutants include: industrial waste containing toxic chemicals, sewage, and agricultural runoff of soil (pesticides and fertilizers) Damaging pollutants include: industrial waste containing toxic chemicals, sewage, and agricultural runoff of soil (pesticides and fertilizers)

11. Classwork: Case Study p. 180 Read case study, “Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay” Read case study, “Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay” Answer questions #1-2 in groups of 4. Answer questions #1-2 in groups of 4.

12. Rocky and Sandy Shores Barrier Islands = islands that run parallel to the shore. They help protect the mainland and coastal wetlands. Barrier Islands = islands that run parallel to the shore. They help protect the mainland and coastal wetlands. Example: Outer Banks, NC Example: Outer Banks, NC

13. Coral Reefs (p. 183 figure 14) Limestone ridges built by tiny coral animals called coral polyps Limestone ridges built by tiny coral animals called coral polyps Thousands of plants and animals live in cracks of coral reefs Thousands of plants and animals live in cracks of coral reefs Found in shallow, tropical reefs b/c require enough sunlight for photosynthesis Found in shallow, tropical reefs b/c require enough sunlight for photosynthesis Corals are predators that use stinging tentacles to capture prey (zooplankton) Corals are predators that use stinging tentacles to capture prey (zooplankton)

15. Disappearing Coral Reefs 27% of coral reefs in world are in danger of destruction by human activities 27% of coral reefs in world are in danger of destruction by human activities Too hot, too cold, or too much freshwater = dead corals Too hot, too cold, or too much freshwater = dead corals Water too muddy, polluted or too high in nutrients, algae that helps hold reef together will die or grow out of control (coral die) Water too muddy, polluted or too high in nutrients, algae that helps hold reef together will die or grow out of control (coral die)

16. Causes Oil spills, sewage, pesticide, and silt runoff Oil spills, sewage, pesticide, and silt runoff Overfishing upsets fish population and throws off balance of reef’s ecosystem Overfishing upsets fish population and throws off balance of reef’s ecosystem Reefs grow VERY SLOWLY Reefs grow VERY SLOWLY

19. Oceans Sunlight penetrates 100 m (330 ft) into ocean before all light is absorbed Sunlight penetrates 100 m (330 ft) into ocean before all light is absorbed Much of life found in shallow, coastal regions Much of life found in shallow, coastal regions

20. The Dead Zone

21. Plants and Animals of Oceans Phytoplankton in shallow regions where sunlight for photosynthesis exists (jellyfish, shrimp, fish larvae) = food for larger organisms Phytoplankton in shallow regions where sunlight for photosynthesis exists (jellyfish, shrimp, fish larvae) = food for larger organisms Food on ocean floor consists of dead organisms that fell from surface Food on ocean floor consists of dead organisms that fell from surface Fed on by decomposers, filter feeders Fed on by decomposers, filter feeders

23. Threats to the Oceans Steadily becoming more polluted by activities on land Steadily becoming more polluted by activities on land Overfishing, use of nets, and discarded fishing lines are also problems Overfishing, use of nets, and discarded fishing lines are also problems