2. Chapter 14 Psychosocial Development in Early Adulthood

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Marriage and the Family Changing American Marriages and Families 56% of Americans are married and living with their spouses 25% of first marriages are to someone married before People are marrying later now Co-habitation increasing

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Marriage and the Family Types of Marriage Monogamy=one husband and one wife Polygamy=one husband with 2 or more wives Homosexual marriages=gay and lesbian marriages

5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Personal Development The Adult Life Cycle: Levinson Pattern of adult development sequence  Life Course Each era (stage) is biopsychosocial The move from one era to the next is called a transition

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Personal Development Seasons of a Man’s Life: Levinson Novice Phase (17-33 yrs.)-vision constructed, mentor relationship, occupation, and love relationship Includes early adult transition, entering adult world, and age 30 transition Intimacy versus Isolation: Erikson Follows 5 th stage of “identity achievement” Involves loving relationship with sharing of mutual trust

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Sexual Identity and Gender Roles Aspects of Gender Role Gender-role orientation=how individuals feel about their sex identity Gender-role preference=unhappiness with gender role and want to change their sex or society Gender-role adaptation=acting appropriately for one’s gender, based upon society’s rules

8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Sexual Identity and Gender Roles Erik Erikson’s Studies Followed Freudian view that biology determines gender behaviors Androgyny=combination of male and female characteristics Behavior should be dependent upon social situation, not traditional stereotypes (Bem) Female behaviors are typically passive, quiet, dependent, etc. Male behaviors are typically aggressive, outspoken, autonomous, etc.

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Sexual Identity and Gender Roles Male versus Female Identity Identity precedes intimacy for men Identity occurs with intimacy for women (Gilligan) Research has found that women tend to be identified as objects, rather than individuals Women learn that vulnerability is an asset; men learn it is a deficit

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Interpersonal Relations Sexual Scripts: Gagnon and Simon Practices of Young Adults Sexual closeness lessens with each child Co-habitation correlates with higher divorce rates Divorced men blame sexual problems as the reason for the divorce, three times as often as women

11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Interpersonal Relations The Seven Forms of Love: Sternberg Love is made up of 3 different components: Passion, Intimacy, and Commitment The presence or absence of any of these 3 components determines the type of love Validation: Fromm We must realize we are prisoners in our own bodies Reality checking of what our senses tell us, is necessary