1. ALMAJMA'AH UNIVERSITY College of Science and Humanitarians Studies in Alghat Management Information System Section (211 NMA course) Introduction to Programming

2. جامعة المجمعة كلية العلوم والدراسات الإنسانية بالغاط قسم نظم المعلومات الإدارية مقرر 211 نما مقدمة في البرمجة

3. Chapter 1 An Introduction to Computers and Problem Solving 1.1 An Introduction to Computers 1.2 Windows, Folders, and Files 1.3 Program Development Cycle 1.4 Programming Tools 3

4. Review  Four Stages in a program  Read Input  Validate Input  Process Input  Output Result  An Algorithm is…  A step-by-step procedure devised for the purpose of taking in data and producing the correct output.  What’s the difference between an algorithm and a program?  A program is the actual implementation of an algorithm in a programming language. 4

5. Review  When Developing a program in both the real world AND in this class, there are 6 steps 1)Analyze the problem 2)Plan a solution 3)Design an interface 4)Write the code 5)Test and debug 6)Document the program 7)Maintain the program 5

6. Program development cycle 1. Analyze: Define the problem. 2. Design: Plan the solution to the problem. 3. Choose the interface: Select the objects (text boxes, buttons, etc.). 6

7. Program development cycle continued 4. Code: Translate the algorithm into a programming language. 5. Test and debug: Locate and remove any errors in the program. 6. Complete the documentation: Organize all the materials that describe the program. 7

8. Program Planning Tips Always have a plan before trying to write a program The more complicated the problem, the more complex the plan must be Planning and testing before coding saves time coding 8

9. Program Planning A recipe is a good example of a plan Ingredients and amounts are determined by what you want to bake Ingredients are input The way you combine them is the processing What is baked is the output 9

10. Performing a Task on the Computer Determine Output Identify Input Determine process necessary to turn given Input into desired Output 10

11. Problem-solving: approach like algebra class How fast is a car traveling if it goes 50 miles in 2 hours? Output: a number giving the speed in miles per hour Input: the distance and time the car has traveled Process: speed = distance / time 11

12. Pictorial representation of the problem solving process 12

13. Review An End User is… – The person whom the program was designed for. A User-Interface is… – How the user interacts with your program. Documentation is… – Organizing all the material that describes the program. Three models used to help develop an algorithm: – Flow Charts – Hierarchy Charts – Pseudocode 13

14. Mouse Actions: – Hover – Drag and drop – Click – Right-click – Double-Click 14

15. Programming Layer Model Many event-driven programs can be divided into three important sections or layers: – Presentation Layer – Anything the user sees and how the user interacts with a program. – Logic Layer – How the program acts when it receives events. – Data Access Layer – Allows simple access to persistent storage (like a database). We probably won’t be doing this in this course. It is important to separate the layers from each other as much as possible. – Why? 15

16. Programming Layer Model 16 Presentation Layer Logic Layer Data Access Layer DB

17. Flowchart It is a graphical way to describe the solution of the problem. 17 Flow Chart Symbols Start and End Input / output Selection Calculation Data Flow

18. Problem : Compute and print the summation of two numbers. 18 Input a,b S = a + b Output s

19. Problem : Compute and print the average of three numbers. 19 Input n1,n2,n3 S = n1+n2+n3 Average = s / 3 Output average

20. Problem : Compute the area of the circle. Where area = 3.14 x R2 20 Input r A = 3.14 * R *R Output A

21. Problem : Read Two numbers from the user, then print the greatest one. 21 Input x, y Output x X>y TrueFalse Output y