1. Production of heavy plates made from special structural steels 2nd Steel Plate Conference Europe, Düsseldorf 11.03.2016, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kern; Dipl.-Ing. Niels Lohmeyer thyssenkrupp Steel Europe; Heavy Plate Unit

2. 2 Growing demand for heavy plates Main drivers: Engineering Transportation Construction Pipes Year Consumption of plate, Mt

3. 3 Offshore/windfarmsPipelinesLNG businessPlant engineering Fields of application for heavy plates out of special structural steels Energy/Infrastructure Shovel bucketsWheel loadersConveyor beltsDump bodies Mining/Raw Materials Commercial vehicles Container cranesTrains Mobile cranes Light-weight Construction

4. 4 Requirements on special structural steels High yield strength and high tensile strength Good toughness and ductility High brittle fracture resistance Suitable for flame cutting/welding High cold formability Resistance to ageing Uniformity in properties Shearing in properties, machinability Suitable for zinc coating

5. 5 Behaviour of Structural components Material strength / hardness toughness fracture toughness machinability cold / hot formability suitability for cutting weldability Processing Design fracture toughness fatigue / operational strength environment (sour media) stress corrosion cracking wear Influencing factors for the behavior of structural components out of special structural steels Properties

6. 6 Optimization of alloying and production routes for special structural steels Q&T N Q TM S690QL S890QL S960QL S1100QL S1300QL S355N S460N 400HBW 500HBW 600HBW S355M S460M/S500M S700M S960M S1100M 300 400 500 700 600 Hardness [HBW] [MPa]

7. 7 Light weight construction by using special structural steels 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 3505507509501150 Minimum yield strength [MPa] Plate thickness reduction compared to S355 [%] (tensile loading) thickness x width 35x65 S1100QL 40x65 S960QL 60x90 S460QL 70x100 S355 S690QL 50x72

8. 8 Production of special structural steels Procedures to perform high quality standards during steel making procedure Hot metal desulphurization Deep vacuum degassing Argon cleanliness stirring Calcium treatment Special care on the casting parameters to avoid segragations

9. 9 Production of plate out of special structural steels

10. 10 Production flow of heavy plates out of special structural steels with high strength level Quality control Oxygen steel making with TBM ® process Continuous casting process Four-High-Mill Hot-Strip-Mill Furnace EN ISO 9001 Secundary metallurgy with TN ® process Cleanliness: P ≤ 0,015 % S ≤ 0,003 % Steel works Rolling mill Heat treatment (Quenching/tempering) Blast furnace

11. 11 Properties of special structural steels 0,31 typ. CET 1) [%] A V, min [J] long. hardness [HBW] R m [MPa] R e, min [MPa] delivery condition alloyinggrade 27470-630355NNb(Ti)S355mild steel -40°C -20°C 2) typical values 3) transverse direction 1) typical values for thicknesses < 20 mm CET=C+(Mn+Mo)/10+(Cr+Cu)/20+Ni/40 0,28 40 560-720 750-950 500 700 NbTiV NiMoCuV „S500M“ „S700M“ 40540-720460 TM TM+A NbTiVS460M higher strength high- strength 0,42 0,39 0,31 27 3) 1200-15001100 „S1100QL “ 27 3) 980-1150960CrMo (V, Ni)S960QL 27 3) 770-940690 QT S690QL 0,54 0,41 0,32 20 2) >5502000 2) 1700 2) 600 HBW 25 2) 450-5301600 2) 1300 2) Cr (Mo, Ni)500 HBW 30 2) 360-4401250 2) 1050 2) Q 400 HBW wear resistant

12. 12 S690QL S960QL XAR 400 XAR 500 typical scatter band S500M Toughness properties of special structural steels

13. 13 Welding of special structural steels Mechanical properties in the heat affected zone of S 690 QL 0510152025303540 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120220 260 300 340 380 420 460 max. min. HV 10 T 27 Cooling time t 8/5 in s Maximum Hardness HV 10 -40 °C400 HV10 reduced toughness! working field increased hardness! Transition temperature T 27 in °C Test s acc. SEP

14. 14 Increase of lifetime by using wear-resistant steels hardness of abrasive material: 1000 HV 7–8 Mohs rel. lifetime* compared to S355 * calculated with ProWear program from ThyssenKrupp Steel (granite) 1 S355 2,3 400 HBW 2,6 450 HBW 3 500 HBW 3,4 550 HBW

15. 15 Influence of hardness of abrasive material on abrasive wear hardness of most stones 786 hardness of abrasive material [Mohs] 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 0500100015002000 hardness of abrasive material [HV] relative wear rate * * compared to 400 HBW Cr x C y S 355 400 HBW 600 HBW martensitic steels

16. 16 Developement of new special structural steels S1300QL (XABO 1300) Reduktion of plate thickness related to S355, % Yield Strength, MPa Base characteristics: Plate thickness: < 15mm Min. Yield Strength: 1300MPa Charpy-V-Energy (-40°C/trans): mind. 27J S1100QL S960QL S690 QL S1300Q L

17. 17 n=112 n=40 Developement of new special structural steels S1300QL (XABO1300) – Mechanical properties relative frequency [%] Yield Strength, trans. [%] Tensile strength, trans. [MPa] Elongation, trans. [%] Toughness (average value), trans. [J] (Subsize specimen converted to full size specimen)