2. http://www.worksafe.act.gov.au/page/view/1039

3. During the Gallic wars, Julius Caesar ordered the thumbs of captured warriors amputated so that when they returned to their country, they would serve as examples and be unable to bear arms again. This practice was later used in a number of wars and in the slave trade.

4. 1.Tuck the thumb of each hand inward toward the palm. 2.Tape thumb to hand. 3.Try to tie your shoe. 4.Try to write your name with a pen. 5.Try to pick up a cup.

5. Hand injuries are hard to repair due to the complexity of the human hand. After being repaired the hand might loss: Motion Dexterity Grip Steadiness

6. Numbers 29 major and minor bones.bones 29 major joints.joints. At least 123 named ligaments.ligaments. 34 muscles which move the fingers and thumb:muscles 17 in the palm of the hand, and 18 in the forearm. 48 named nerves:nerves: 3 major nerves. 24 named sensory branches. 21 named muscular branches. 30 named arteries and nearly as many smaller named branchesarteries

7. States that employers shall select and require employees to use appropriate hand protection when employees’ hands are exposed to hazards such as: Skin absorption of harmful substances Severe cuts or lacerations Severe abrasions Punctures Chemical burns Thermal burns Harmful temperature extremes

8. Employers shall base the selection of the appropriate hand protection on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and potential hazards identified.

9. Identify the Hazard(s) Evaluate the risk of the Hazard(s) Treat –Hierarchy of controls Engineering - Elimination or Substitution Administration - Reduce the Severity or Probability Work Practices PPE Implement the Control Plan Evaluate Progress

10. What is the glove protecting the employee from? What materials are they made from? What is the sensitivity of work an employee can preform while working in the chosen glove? What is the minimum standard of protection from your job specific hazards?

11. Punctures Extreme temperatures Cuts Chemicals Rotating equipment Blood-borne pathogen Vibrating equipment Bee stings and insect bites Hand Hazards

12. Material – a variety of natural and synthetic material can be used to make gloves – The challenge is to find one that is compatible with employee skin and need of the work environment. Glove materials include: Natural rubber latex Synthetic rubber latex Plastic polymer Laminated plastic polymers Leather Textiles – cotton, polyester, fiberglass or nylon Metalized fabrics including aluminized

13. How detailed is the job function that the employee has to do? What level of dexterity and sensitivity is needed to perform the task? Example – if examining patients or working on very small computer chips, you need to “replicate” the sensitivity of your bare hands to do your job effectively.

14. More comfort for the employee often leads to less protection. What is the minimum standard of protection from your job specific hazards? High level of discomfort leads to noncompliance of PPE usage.

15. Neoprene Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVC) Wire mesh Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Nitrile Natural Rubber Leather Kevlar WeldingCotton Anti-vibration

16. Chemicals Punctures Insect or bee stings Cuts Rotating equipment Blood borne pathogens Vibrating equipment Extreme temperatures Natural Rubber Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nitrile Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Neoprene What is the chemical(s)? How long will you be using the chemical(s)? What is the danger of the chemical(s)? What is the chemical(s)? How long will you be using the chemical(s)? What is the danger of the chemical(s)?

17. Permeation - Diffusion of a chemical through a material on a molecular basis Penetration – Chemical enters through zippers, punctures, or seams Degradation – Chemical causes a change in the physical properties of the material

18. Using the ASTM Method F 739 standards

19. Chemicals Punctures Insect or bee stings Cuts Rotating equipment Bloodborne pathogens Vibrating equipment Extreme temperatures Kevlar Wire mesh

20. Slicing – Caused by the sliding of the skin across a very sharp edge. The sliding action can be a result of the hand or other skin surface sliding across the sharp edge or by the sharp edge sliding across the stationary hand or other skin surface. Examples of this type of cut would be a slip of the knife when dicing vegetables. Abrasions – This type of cut is the result of continuous or repeated “rubbing”. The surface may or may not be sharp or jagged. Punctures or impact cuts – These are the result sharp or pointed objects impacting the skin as in a falling pane of glass or sheet of metal. Needle sticks would also fall into this category.

21. http://rs.nationalsafetyinc.com/company_79//Understanding%20Cut%20resistance.pdf

22. Use caution when moving debris piles or equipment which has been sitting for a long time Don’t stick your hands in holes, crevasses and other secluded places, including work boots which have been sitting for awhile Avoid areas where insects nest or congregate (garbage cans, stagnant pools of water, uncovered foods and areas where flowers are blooming) Avoid dressing in clothing with bright colors Don't use scented soaps, perfumes or hair sprays

23. Keep knife blades sharp Cut away from your body Do not use knife blades as screwdrivers Avoid working on the same object when a co-worker is using a knife Safety Knives

24. Chemicals Punctures Insect or bee stings Cuts Rotating equipment Bloodborne pathogens Vibrating equipment Extreme temperatures Material(s)? Dexterity and sensitivity? Comfort vs. Protection? Material(s)? Dexterity and sensitivity? Comfort vs. Protection?

25. Disposable one use gloves used to prevent contamination between caregivers and patients. Made of a verity of polymers including latex, vinyl, nitrile, etc. Check them before wearing to make sure that they are not damaged. A torn glove does not provide protection! Remove them carefully to avoid having the contaminated outside of the glove come into contact with your skin.

26. Latex is a natural product. Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) produce the milky, viscous liquid. The tree bark can be shaved so that the latex bleeds, and it is then collected to make a variety of products including gloves. Most latex-free gloves are made of materials like vinyl and nitrile, and of these, nitrile is often thought very similar to latex Latex allergy among health care workers range as high as 17%

27. GloveUsesCotton Light duty material handling and cleanup work Leather Equipment handling, general construction, heavy cleanup, welding, moderately hot or cold material handling Shock absorbing Operating rotary hammers and other vibrating equipment Kevlar or Wire mesh Work with sheet metal, glass, or heavy cutting These gloves DO NOT provide puncture protection Rubber, nitrile, neoprene, PVC, PVA and other synthetics Chemical gloves must be chosen for the specific chemical being used Insulated Extreme high and low temperatures

28. Inspect gloves before use for tears, excessive wear, and punctures Store in a clean, dry location Discard leather and cloth gloves if they become saturated with oil or other chemicals Leak test chemical gloves by sealing the wrist and filling the glove with air or water Use a clean plastic tube or low pressure air line – not your mouth!

29. With a ruler, start at index finger and measure the width of your hand in the knuckle areaDistanceSize 2 to 2½” 6 X Small 2½ to 3” 7Small 3 to 3½” 8Medium 3½ to 4” 9Large 4 to 4½” 10 X Large 4½ to 5” 11 XX Large