1. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20161 A Quick Discovery of Construction in Denmark Roger TAYLOR Faculty of Building Technology & Construction Management

2. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20162

3. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20163 Timber as a building tradition 1750

4. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20164 Traditional housing 1950

5. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20165 Scandinavian design 1960

6. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20166 Usual housing 1975

7. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20167 Modern house 1985

8. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20168 Scandinavian design 2000

9. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20169 Car port : a Danish tradition

10. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201610 Timber and cladding as a tradition

11. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201611 Social housing

12. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201612 Multi storey buildings

13. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201613 Secondary country houses

14. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201614 Site visit 2004

15. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201615 Cavity walls

16. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201616 Brick inner leaf

17. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201617 Binders

18. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201618 Roofing

19. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201619 Covering

20. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201620

21. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201621

22. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201622 Basement Ground and 1 st floor

23. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201623

24. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201624 Drainage system A separate drainage system is laid with one set of drains for foul waste, from toilets, bathtubs/showers and washbasins and another set for surface water from roofs and external surface areas. The drain pipes and man holes can be of PVC or concrete. Pipe sizes and gradients must be calculated to ensure that they are self cleaning. 110 mm minimum diameter

25. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201625 Foundations reinforcement Longitudinal 10 mm diameter ribbed steel reinforcement bars are laid in the concrete, ready for the laying of pre-cast concrete hollow core blocks. The concrete must be vibrated at approximately 45cm intervals until air bubbles cease to appear on the surface of the concrete

26. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201626 Foundation and roof anchors The second layer of Leca blocks are laid in bond with mortar, with a minimum overlap of 60 mm. Steel roof ties are cast in the concrete foundation with reinforced steel bar anchors. The steel bands will later be fixed to the timber roof rafters to prevent the roof from being blown off or lifted up by the wind. Bond

27. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201627 Cavity wall: Inner leaf wall panels 75 x 600 mm load bearing pre- cast lightweight concrete panels, are chocked up and levelled on the Leca block base. Adhesive is applied to panel edges. Panels are bonded together and corrosion resistant wall ties are fixed in the vertical joints. Vertical Joint Wall ties

28. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201628 Cavity wall: Inner leaf wall panels Corrosion resistant wall ties are placed at 20 cm intervals in the vertical joints of the wall panels. Wall panels are sawn to fit for the window opening. 20 cm

29. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201629 Cavity wall: Inner leaf wall panels 75 x 100 mm pre-fabricated lightweight concrete panel strips bonded and nailed to inner leaf panels for fixture of window and door frames. Fixture of 38 x 100 mm timber wall plate on top of façade inner leaf panels. Timber pre- fabricated trussed rafters ready for erection.

30. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201630 Roof construction Overview of rafters showing jack rafters at right angles to main roof trussed rafters,

31. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201631 Roof Construction It is a tradition in Denmark to hold a house topping party, after the rafters have been raised on the house. The client invites all persons who have been involved in the project to a meal of red sausages and beer. The occasion is marked by raising a decorative wreath on the rafters.

32. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201632 Internal walls Beam over internal door opening made from pre- fabricated panel. Plastic conduit is recessed in the pre-cast panels ready electric wiring. Wall panels bonded to Leca block base.

33. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201633 Roof construction The roofs reinforced plastic under layer is fastened to the top of the rafter with a spacer batten and nails. A 100 x 38 mm ridge ride plank is fastened to the apex of the rafter. Mineral wool insulation ready for laying between joist rafters in the ceiling.

34. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201634 Roof construction Slide 35 38 x 56 mm timber battens are nailed to under lay spacer batten into rafters. Dimension between battens from c/c must correspond to the manufacturer of the roof claddings, specifications.

35. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201635 Cavity wall construction The gables is bricked up in Red and yellow bricks for aesthetic reasons. A DPC is laid under where the window sill will be placed to prevent moisture penetration into the cavity wall. The corrosion resistant wall ties are embedded in the mortar between the brick courses at 20 cm intervals.

36. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201636 External wall and lightweight cladding The lightweight external wall consists of 75 mm lightweight concrete panel, 150 mm stud frame construction, 150 mm mineral wool insulation, 13 mm external plasterboard wind proof board, 12 mm timber lathes.

37. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201637 Roof construction The roof valley is constructed as an open valley with jack rafters, water resistant (WR) plywood, roofing felt under layer and a zinc valley gutter. The rain is conveyed away from the roof valley by a rain water head on top of the down pipe.

38. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201638 Roof construction Roof ready for cladding with red pan tiles. Steel galvanised gutter brackets nailed to rafters and bent to give fall to down pipes. Zinc flashing bonded to under lay for drainage into gutter.

39. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201639 Floor construction 100 mm polystyrene insulation layer with tongue and grooved edges. A 5 mm diameter steel reinforcement net, is laid on top of the insulation, ready for casting the 100mm concrete floor slab.

40. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201640 Building services Hot water supplied is supplied from a district heating plant. Hot and cold water supply pipes are run in the floor to the utility room. Hot water is then distributed by a pipe in pipe system, in the floor construction, to the radiators.

41. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201641 External wall Prefabricated modular timber windows and doors are fixed to the inner leaf in the cavity wall. All windows and doors are impregnated against rot and fungus attack. All windows and doors are made with double glazed units.

42. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201642 External wall Completed façade with 125 mm half round zinc gutter and zinc down pipe. Wall base is rendered.

43. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201643 External wall Detail of light weight facade and brick cavity wall construction. After completion all building waste and debris must be removed from the site.

44. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201644 The completed building Picture of a detached dwelling. Note that the final location of the rubbish contain as not been solved.

45. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201645

46. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201646

47. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201647

48. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201648

49. VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201649