1. Welcome to AP Statistics. Please find your seat #
Welcome to AP Statistics! Please find your seat #. Answer the student information questions on your info sheet.

2. Hiring Discrimination
An airline has just finished training 25 pilots, 15 male and 10 female, to become captains. Unfortunately, only eight captain positions are available right now. Airline managers announce that they will use a lottery to determine which pilots will fill the available positions. The names of all 25 pilots will be written on identical slips of paper, which will be placed in a hat, mixed thoroughly, and drawn out one at a time until all eight captains have been identified. A day later, managers announce the results of the lottery. Of the 8 captains chosen, 5 are female and 3 are male. Some of the male pilots who weren’t selected suspect that the lottery was not carried out fairly. One of these pilots asks their union rep for statistical advice about whether to file a grievance against the airline.
Is there evidence of hiring discrimination?  
Is there CONVINCING evidence of hiring discrimination?

3. Questions for Discussion
Does it seem believable that airline managers carried out a fair lottery?
What advice would you give the male pilot who contacted you?
Would your advice change if the lottery had chosen 6 female (and 2 male) pilots? What about 7 female pilots? Explain

4. 4) Do the results of this simulation change your opinion about whether the lottery could have been carried out fairly? Why or why not?

5. Intro to Statistics
August 29, 2016

6. When you come across a new set of data you should be able to answer the three W’s:
Who?
What individuals do the data describe? How many individuals appear in the data?
What?
How many variables are there? What are the exact definitions of these variables? In what units is each variable recorded? Is there reason to mistrust the values of any variable?
Extension Questions: Why? When? Where? How?

7. Who are the individuals? What is being measured?
Province
Gender
Handed
Height
Wrist circum.
Saskatchewan
Male
Right
175 cm
180 cm
Ontario
Female
162.5 cm
160 cm
Alberta
178 cm
174 cm
169 cm
166 cm
65 cm
Nanavut
168.5 cm
165 cm
Left
157.5 cm
147 cm
150.5 cm
187 cm
171 cm

8. We are immediately introduced for the need to know vocabulary in order to answer the Who and the What.
Individuals: the objects described by a set of data
Variable: any characteristic of an individual (can take different values for different individuals)
Categorical Variable: Places an individual into one of several groups or categories
Quantitative Variable: Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average.

9. Depends…
The proper method of analysis for a variable depends on whether it is categorical or quantitative. The type of data also determines what kind of graphs and which numerical summaries (or summary statistics) are appropriate. Typically, categorical data does not have summary statistics. You can count or order the data but taking the mean will not have any meaning.

10. Pie Chart: Helps to see what part of the whole each category forms.
Pros: Visually appealing
Shows percent of total for each category
Cons: No exact numerical data
Hard to compare 2 data sets
"Other" category can be a problem

11. Bar Graph: Pros: quickly compare different categories
Easier to make and
read.
Visually strong
Cons: Graph categories can be reordered to emphasize certain effects

12. Graphs: Good and Bad How is this graph misleading??
Which one could be considered deceptive?? Why??