1. GEF International Waters Science Conference 2012 Bangkok, Thailand – 24 to 26 September 2012 Open oceans science in the GEF Chris O’Brien FAO

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3. Open ocean

4. 10,000 m 200 m Wikipedia

5. Open ocean: a history of open access Overfishing of highly migratory species Ocean fertilization Extraction of hydrocarbons and mineral exploration Maritime shipping Plastics in the food chain Marine debris and pollution Physical and chemical changes in ocean waters IUU Fishing and multiple threats and multiple threats

6. ISA UNGA IOC-UNESCO IMO FAO, UNEP, UNDP UNDOALOS ICP IUCN UN-Oceans Rachael Koch

7. ISA UNGA IOC-UNESCO IMO FAO, UNEP, UNDP UNDOALOS ICP PERSGA, OSPAR, CTI Seascapes RFB / RFMOs LMEs Regional Seas IUCN UN-Oceans

8. ISA IOC-UNESCO IMO FAO, UNEP, UNDP UNDOALOS ICP PERSGA, OSPAR, CTI Seascapes RFB / RFMOs LMEs Regional Seas CBD CCRF MARPOL CMS UNCLOS CITES GESAMP IUCN. WWF IUCN UNGA UN-Oceans

9. Open ocean science NOAA

10. Open ocean science Oceanography Climate Fisheries Seabed mining Biodiversity Ecosystem research NOAA

11. The GEF open ocean science activities: are few answer governance questions support other initiatives

12. GEF open ocean science activities: species inventories modelling ecosystems oceanography productivity

13. The open ocean science activities: Global sustainable fisheries management and biodiversity conservation in the areas beyond national jurisdiction basic ecological and biological data collection (incl bycatch) risk assessments of critical habitats technological development of electronic compliance techniques and bycatch mitigation social and economic analyses

14. The open ocean science activities: Nothing is ‘off the table’ (if it answers a management question)

15. The open ocean science activities: Nothing is ‘off the table’ (if it answers a management question) but high cost of ocean research and long term commitments may limit GEF participation

16. IW Science Instructions: Give a synthesis of the science Best practice examples Reflect on portfolio performance and highlight key persistent and emerging issues

17. IW Science Instructions: key persistent and emerging issues climate change, acidification and atmospheric change life history, ecology and conservation of transboundary stocks multiple stressors, tipping points and resilience of coupled social ecological systems.

18. Emerging issues Its not about the type of the science ! Its about dry issues: ensure the ProDoc and TDAs science is comprehensive and interpreted correctly (scientific rigour) better coordinate and integrate the scientific activities of the different agencies involved improve the communication of scientific outputs to policymakers and managers Ensure essential information is collected analysed and used (ocean indicators)

19. Emerging issues Adjust administration to encourage:  focal area funds to be combined  Contracts with ‘other’ bodies  support to agencies that undertake the required/desired programmes of work  beneficiaries to fund indicators science as part of their cofinancing

20. Major science needs: improving understanding of critical natural processes effective governance

21. ISA IOC-UNESCO IMO FAO, UNEP, UNDP UNDOALOS ICP PERSGA, OSPAR, CTI Seascapes RFB / RFMOs LMEs Regional Seas CBD CCRF MARPOL CMS UNCLOS CITES GESAMP IUCN. WWF IUCN UNGA UN-Oceans

22. Rachael Koch