1. The Earth and its Layers

2. The Earth’s Structure A. Earth consists of a series of concentric layers or spheres which differ in chemical and physical properties.

3. The Earth’s Structure A. Earth consists of a series of concentric layers or spheres which differ in chemical and physical properties. B. The compositional layers of the Earth are the Crust, the Mantle, and the Core. The Core is subdivided into a molten outer core and solid iron inner core.

4. The Earth’s Structure C. Physical state is determined by the combined effects of pressure and temperature.

5. The Earth’s Structure C. Physical state is determined by the combined effects of pressure and temperature. – 1. Increasing pressure raises the melting point of a material. Video: 

6. The Earth’s Structure C. Physical state is determined by the combined effects of pressure and temperature. – 1. Increasing pressure raises the melting point of a material. – 2. Increasing temperature provides additional energy to the atoms and molecules of matter allowing them to move farther apart, causing the material to melt.

7. The Earth’s Structure – 3. Both pressure and temperature increase toward the center of the Earth, but at different rates. Density also increases as you reach the center.

8. The Earth’s Structure – 3. Both pressure and temperature increase toward the center of the Earth, but at different rates. Density also increases as you reach the center. – 4. Divisions of the Earth based upon physical state (mechanical layers) are the Lithosphere, the Asthenosphere, the Mesosphere, the Outer core, and the Inner core.

9. Make and label this model: Quiz next class!

10. Isostacy Isostacy refers to the balance of an object when “floating” on a fluid. This is best seen with ice in water, or iceburgs in the ocean.

11. Isostacy This also happens to rocks in the Earth. BUT ROCKS AREN’T FLUIDS! If you put enough pressure on something, it will gradually act like a fluid. There is A LOT of pressure in the Earth. As you move towards the center of the earth, each layer gets denser than the last.

12. Earth’s crust is dynamic (moving)

13. Layers on Earth’s Surface Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth.

14. Layers on Earth’s Surface Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth. – 1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice, water vapor, and groundwater.

15. Layers on Earth’s Surface Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth. – 1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice, water vapor, and groundwater. – 2. Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.

16. Layers on Earth’s Surface Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth. – 1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice, water vapor, and groundwater. – 2. Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. – 3. Biosphere refers to all living and non-living organic matter.

17. Layers on Earth’s Surface Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth. – 1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice, water vapor, and groundwater. – 2. Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. – 3. Biosphere refers to all living and non-living organic matter. – 4. Lithosphere includes all rock and land.

18. Make a four-square for the following words: Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere