1. Hydrosphere Continental Hydrology Surface water (river, lakes, runoff) Groundwater Soil moisture Wetlands Snow Oceans Water vapor (Atmosphere) Icecaps/glaciers (Cryosphere)

2. UNAVCO’s Hydrosphere Hydrosphere Geodesy GPS InSAR Continental Hydrology Altimetry Gravity (GRACE) Optical observations Oceans Water vapor Icecaps/glaciers

3. Temporal and spatial scales Notes: 1) GPS networks can measure hydrological- induced signals with length scale larger than the network’s station spacing, typically ~10-50 km. 2) GRACE and GPS networks measure groundwater extraction at large length scales (> 200 km), as they measure the integration of many short scale groundwater movements. Hydrological processes (ellipses) Geodetic measurements (squares). Distance Time

4. Adrian Borsa (Scripps) Continental-scale Water Fluxes from Continuous GPS Observations of Earth Surface Loading

5. Estelle Chaussard (U Buffalo) From Measuring Land Subsidence to Characterizing Aquifer Properties with InSAR

6. Enrique Cabral-Cano (UNAM) Excessive Groundwater Extraction, Ground Subsidence, and Hazard Zonation in Central Mexico InSAR derived subsidence velocity Subsidence gradients

7. Eric Small (CU Colorado) Water Cycle Studies Using GPS Reflections Measured by The Plate Boundary Observatory Soil moisture