2. CELL RESPIRATION both Plants & Animals do this! They both have to break down food molecules to use the energy and release H2O & CO2 as by products Remember the Tree diagram! CO 2 came out of the tree’s roots & H 2 O comes out of the leaves FORMULA IS: C6H12O6 + O2----  ATP + CO2 + H20

3. Mitochondrial Structure

4. Nature Wastes Nothing! Everything is recycled. Products of Cell Respiration Reactants of Cell Respiration ATP

5. Overview of Glycolysis http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.ht ml http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.ht ml Borrowed made Reactant products

6. GLYCOLYSIS The 1 st Step Starts with the break down of Glucose (or any organic compound) Occurs in the CYTOPLASM of cells 1. GLUCOSE is split into two 3 carbon carbons called PYRUVATE. This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. Also, the Hydrogen from glucose is added to the electron carrier NAD+. H+ is added to NAD+ to become NADH. This is called a reduction. (gain of electrons) The PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are: 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES 4 ATP’s are actually made, but 2 were used to break up glucose. So, the net gain is 2 ATP’s.

7. Use this diagram to answer ?’s Glycolysis 1.List the Reactant that starts glycolysis 2.List the 3 products that are made 3.Include the net # for each product 4.What product is the e- carrier? 5.Is glucose oxidized or reduced?

8. What happens to the Pyruvate Mrs. B? The product from the enzymatic reaction is called?______ This happens inside the Mitochondria’s inter membrane space.

9. Step 2 Conversion of Pyruvate for use in the Krebs Cycle The 2 pyruvates need to be used from Glycolysis for the Krebs cycle to make more ATP. However, the pyruvate needs to have an enzyme convert it to another product so it can be used inside of the Mitochondria The Enzyme is called CoenzymeA. The substrate then is ?____________.

10. What happens to the NADH from Glycolysis? http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_nad__works.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_nad__works.html It goes to step 3 the Electron Transport Chain to be used to make more ATP.

11. Overview of One Cycle of the Krebs Cycle http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs_cycle_w orks__quiz_1_.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs_cycle_w orks__quiz_1_.html

12. Step 3 of Cell Respiration The Krebs Cycle AKA CITRIC ACID Oxygen must be present! 2 Acetyl CoA’s now enter the Krebs cycle. For each Acetyl CoA we get: 1. cycle in the Krebs cycle to make, 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH (e- transporters) So how many cycles, ATP, NADH and FADH will occur in total? Let’s look at your diagram.

13. NADH & FADH! ELECTRON TRANSPORTERS!

15. Step 4 Electron Transport Chain What are we transporting? What was created in Glycolysis and in Krebs that has not been used yet? Let’s refresh our memories!

16. Electron Transport Chain on the inner membrane NADH & FADH ARE USED TO CARRY H e- ALONG THE ETC. The energy from passing along the electrons allows H+ to pass from the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX to the MITOCHONDRIAL INTER- MEMBRANE SPACE EXTRA H+ will also combine with Oxygen in the cell to make… WATER

17. ATP Synthase Channel & the power of H+ protons http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn1.swf http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn1.swf

18. STEP 5 ATP SYNTHASE http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie-flash.htm http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie-flash.htm H+ PROTONS NEED TO GET BACK INTO THE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX They do this using a membrane protein, The ATP SYNTHASE CHANNEL ADP becomes ATP when the H+ enters the ATP synthase channel. A PO 4 is added THIS makes 34 MOLECULES OF ATP!

19. CELL RESPIRATION USING O2 http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ce/m5/s8/ http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ce/m5/s8/

20. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION We don’t need no stinking O2! There are 2 kinds 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2. Alcohol Fermentation Organisms do this type of respiration in the absence of oxygen

21. Anaerobic Respiration Alcohol Fermentation yeast do this! It still begins w/Glycolysis to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate Pyruvate loses CO2 which then becomes Ethanol (an alcohol) NADH becomes oxidized to NAD+ and is recycled back for glycolysis

22. Lactic Acid Fermentation Our muscles do this! It still begins w/Glycolysis to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate Pyruvate is oxidized to become Lactate by the NADH NADH oxidizes to NAD+ and is recycled back to glycolysis.

23. Guess what? We’re done! Yippee!

24. ANAEROBIC HOLISTIC LAB 1. What items did you not use/why? 2. How will you prove the yeast are performing anaerobic respiration? 3. How long did it take to see the results of your experiment? 4. Was your experiment successful? Why? 5. What are the reactants & products in your experiment? 6. Show the other group your set up when both are finished.