1. Brain Computer Interface

2. Outlines What is BCI? How does it work? Brain Wave Control Simple introduction of the brain Data Acquisition Apps Drawbacks & Future Q&A

3. What is BCI?

4. Brain -Computer Interface - Direct Neural Interface or Brain-Machine Interface Direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device. Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles

5. How does it work? Signal Acquisition Signal Processing Devices

6. Brain Wave Control

7. Active ◦ α (8 – 12 Hz): relaxed/reflecting ◦ β (12 – 30 Hz): alert/working - Training - Misjudgment

8. Brain Wave Control Passive ◦ Evoked potentials

9. Brain Wave Control Passive ◦ Evoked potentials

10. Brain Wave Control Passive ◦ Evoked potentials

11. Simple introduction of the brain Focus on cortex

12. Cerebral cortex Cerebellum Midbrain

13. Structure of the cortex

14. Cortex

15. Primary Somatosensory Cortex Primary Motor Cortex Motor Association Cortex

16. Sensory Association Area Visual Association Area Visual Cortex Wernicke's Area

17. Prefrontal Cortex Speech Center (Broca‘s Area) Auditory Cortex Auditory Association Area

18. Data Acquisition

19. Invasive BCIs Non-Invasive BCIs Partially-Invasive BCIs Wireless BCIs

20. Invasive BCIs Implanted: grey matter Signals: highest quality Scar-tissue build-up Target: ◦ repairing damaged sight ◦ providing new functionality to persons with paralysis  Artificial Vision System

21. Electrode Arrays

22. App.- Artificial Vision 4X4 16 pixels 8X8 64 pixels 12X12 144 pixels 16X16 256 pixels 32X32 1024 pixels 128X128 16384 pixels

23. Non-Invasive BCIs poor signal resolution power muscle implants and restore partial movement Interfaces ◦ EEG ◦ MEG ◦ MRI

24. MEG Magnetoencephalography Magnetic Field: 10 -15 T ~10 -13 T (Weak!!) ◦ S.Q.U.I.D. Sensors ◦ Shielded Room

25. Magnetic Field

26. Partially-Invasive BCIs Implanted: skull lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain Signal quality between invasive BCIs & non-invasive BCIs

27. Wireless BCIs More practical Embedding multiple chips ◦ More complicated thoughts Transmission with RF key requirement: keep the heat down

28. Wireless BCIs Size: 2cm in diameter 、 8cm thick Low cost Receive Distance: 10m ~ 50m

29. Examples of BCI

30. Rats implanted with BCIs in Theodore Berger’s experiments

31. Monkey operating a robotic arm with BCIs

32. arrangments P300->300ms

33. Disadvantages Headache Exhausting Laziness Degenerate

34. Future Integrate with different territory From lab to factory Nursing and medical treatment

35. Q&A