1. Shirley Zhang Per. 4 Individual Art of the day SUDANESE CHILD By Kevin Carter

2. SUDANESESUDANESE CHILDCHILD

3. Kevin Carter Personal ★ Born September 13, 1960, and committed suicide at age 33 ★ Was part of a group of South African photojournalists called the “Bang Bang Club” ★ Brought up during the Apartheid ★ Friends said Carter was “a man of tumultuous emotions” ★ Became mentally and emotionally unstable from his exposure to the horrible events witnessed through his camera, which led to his suicide

4. Kevin Carter Academic ★ Not much known ★ Served in the military ★ Began work as sports photographer (1983) ★ Joined the “Bang Bang Club”, made up of 4 of his friends, traveled around taking emotionally traumatizing pictures

5. Kevin Carter Professional ★ Won the Pulitzer Prize in 1994 (Sudanese Child) ★ Sudanese Child photo published in the New York Times due to immense public reaction ★ Earned world recognition from his work capturing events in Africa

6. Context Social ★ South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) established to oppose South African rule ★ Apartheid in South Africa: strict discrimination laws, racism governed much of life ★ Many shootings and outbreaks of violence throughout South Africa

7. Context Political ★ Nelson Mandela’s African National Congress outlawed ★ 1950 Population Registration Act: required race categories ★ 1951 Bantu Authorities Act: established African “homelands” ★ 1953 Public Safety Act and Criminal Law Amendment: power to declare “emergencies” and increased penalties for protesting/supporting repeal of a law (fines, imprisonment, whippings)

8. Context Economic ★ Annual inflation averaged around 3% ★ Mining and agriculture made up most of national output ★ Manufacturing becamed greatest contributor to overall gross domestic product ★ Black poverty

9. Central Claim We must end the suffering occurring in the world and engage in humane practices to prevent such events, as no one deserves a fate of poverty and pain.

10. Character ★ A little boy crouched on the ground due to malnutrition and exhaustion, a prey ★ Depicts general suffering and pain ★ Vulture stands a few feet away ★ Vulture symbolizes a predator, or an onlooker who will take advantage of the weak ★ Vulture (a scavenger) seems to be waiting for the child’s death

11. Setting ★ Hot, dry weather, contributes to the immense suffering of the child ★ Barren land with trees (life) in the background ★ Sand and dead grass represents the suffering and dying of people in poverty

12. Color ★ The green of the trees and bushes represents an abundance of life, happiness, freedom ★ Neutral, light colors of foreground depict a sense of lifelessness, poverty, death ★ Darkest colors (of the characters) convey the significance of life and death ★ Both are brown: both are alike

13. Placement ★ Boy is away from the trees (life), symbolizes it is close to death ★ Boy is in front and middle of picture, importance, motivates you ★ Vulture in the middleground of photo: the people not suffering and just witnessing the event, sometimes also overlooking; taking advantage

14. Proportion ★ Vulture is depicted as smaller than the suffering child, depicts the worldwide poverty and significance of people’s suffering compared to others that are better off ★ The size of the arms and legs to the child’s body, further represents the depths of poverty ★ The huge shrubs and trees seem to block out the sky, depicts hopelessness

15. Conclusion ❖ Tone: The author feels sympathy and love towards the poor child ❖ Mood: Depressing, hopeless atmosphere; in despair ❖ Audience: People that are able to help those in need, and people who can make a great impact on the world (leaders, millionaires, etc) ❖ Bias: The author cares about the people who are living in horrible conditions, and wishes others to feel/share his compassion and sympathy ❖ Appeal: PATHOS; strikes a chord in our emotions and motivates us to take action to help those who are less fortunate than us ❖ Purpose: Many people in this world are going through unimaginable obstacles and pain, and this needs to be exposed to more people so that this issue can finally be solved one day