1. Thermal comfort

2. Skin sensors: cold sensitivity 4.10 -3 K.s -1 hot sensitivity 1.10 -3 K.s -1 hypothalamus

3. Powe balance: S (W.m -2 )power balance M (W.m -2 )metabolism power W (W.m -2 )machanical power

4. R (W.m -2 )radiation C (W.m -2 )convection K (W.m -2 )conduction E (W.m -2 )evaporation RES (W.m -2 )respiration

5. Condition:

6. Metabolismus 1 Met = 58,15 W.m -2 Depended on human activity

8. Mechanical work For normal situations can be neglected

9. Evaporation cased by diffusion

10. p s (Pa)saturated wapor pressure t s p a (Pa)partial pressure of H2O φ (-)relative humidity t a (°C)air temperature Not controlled, typical value 10 W.m -2.

11. Sweat evaporation Depends on mass flow (g.m -2.s -1 ) from 1m 2 body surface

12. Respiration RES=L+E RES (W.m -2 ) (W.m -2 ), Typical value 2 - 5 W.m -2

13. Radiation

14. Heat convection and conduction

17. Heat Comfort Equation

18. - Fanger’s equations of thermal comfort

19. PMV and PPD

20. An Example: