1. NS-2 Simulator 최 종 훈 2008.01.31.

2. 2 Contents  About NS  Installation  Based on Linux  Based on Windows  Architecture  Using NS-2  Example  References

3. 3 History  NEST – Testbed  Columbia University  REAL network simulator  UC Berkley in 1988  NS-1  In 1995  VINT project at LBL, Xerox PARK, UCB, USC/ISI  NS-2  In 1996  C++ and OTCL developed by MIT instead of TCL  NS-3  started on July 1, 2006 About NS

4. 4 Introduction  Discrete event simulator  Targeted at network research  Packet-level  Link layer and up  Wired and wireless About NS

5. 5 Platforms  Most UNIX and UNIX-like systems  FreeBSD or NetBSD  Linux  Sun Solaris  Windows 9x/2000/XP  With Cygwin (http://www.cygwin.com/)  With VMWare (http://www.vmware.com/download/player/) About NS

6. 6 Functionality of NS  Wired  Point-to-point link, LAN  Unicast/multicast routing  Transport  Application layer  Wireless  Mobile IP  Ad hoc routing  Sensor network  Tracing, visualization, various utilities About NS

7. 7 Getting NS-2  Getting the pieces or everything at once  http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-build.html http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-build.html  Current Version  Sep. 3, 2007 : ns-2.32 released.  Mar. 10, 2007: ns-2.31 released.  Getting manuals  http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/index.html http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/index.html  http://www-sop.inria.fr/maestro/personnel/Eitan.Altman/COURS- NS/n3.pdf http://www-sop.inria.fr/maestro/personnel/Eitan.Altman/COURS- NS/n3.pdf  http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.html http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.html  http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/ http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/ Installation

8. 8 Installation on UNIX system Installation tar -xzf ns-allinone-2.29.3.tar.gz cd ns-allinone-2.29./install Please put /home/myusername/ns-allinone-2.29/bin:/home/myusername/ns-allinone- 2.29/tcl8.4.11/unix:/home/myusername/ns-allinone-2.29/tk8.4.11/unix into your PATH environment; so that you'll be able to run itm/tclsh/wish/xgraph. IMPORTANT NOTICES: (1) You MUST put /home/myusername/ns-allinone-2.29/otcl-1.11, /home/myusername/ns- allinone-2.29/lib, into your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. If it complains about X libraries, add path to your X libraries into LD_LIBRARY_PATH. If you are using csh, you can set it like: setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH If you are using sh, you can set it like: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=

9. 9 Installation on UNIX system (2) You MUST put /home/myusername/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/library into your TCL_LIBRARY environmental variable. Otherwise ns/nam will complain during startup. (3) [OPTIONAL] To save disk space, you can now delete directories tcl8.4.11 and tk8.4.11. They are now installed under /home/myusername/ns-allinone-2.29/{bin,include,lib} Installation cd ns-2.29./validate

10. 10 Installation on Windows system  http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Running_Ns_and_Nam_Und er_Windows_9x/2000/XP_Using_Cygwin http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Running_Ns_and_Nam_Und er_Windows_9x/2000/XP_Using_Cygwin  http://www.cygwin.com/ http://www.cygwin.com/  Since version 2.1b9, ns has used Cygwin/gcc instead of Visual C++ Installation

11. 11 Object-Oriented  C++ and OTcl  Modular approach  Reusability  Maintenance  Data/Control separation  Scalability  Split C++/OTcl object  C++ for data  Per packet action  OTcl for control  Periodic or triggered action Architecture

12. 12 Class Hierarchy Architecture

13. 13 Directory Structure Architecture TK8.0OTcltclclTcl8.0ns-2nam-1 tcl extest lib... examples validation tests C++ code OTcl code ns-allinone mcast

14. 14 Using NS Problem Simulation model Setup/run simulation with ns Result analysis Modify ns

15. 15 Interactive Mode # ns % set ns [new Simulator] _o3 % $ns at 1 “puts \“Hello World!\”” 1 % $ns at 1.5 “exit” 2 % $ns run Hello World! # Using NS

16. 16 Batch Mode simple.tcl set ns [new Simulator] $ns at 1 “puts \“Hello World!\”” $ns at 1.5 “exit” $ns run # ns simple.tcl Hello World! # Using NS

17. 17 Tutorial-1 Using NS set ns [new Simulator] set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf set tf [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $tf proc finish {} { global ns nf tf $ns flush-trace close $nf close $tf exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } $ns at 5.0 "finish" $ns run Create the simulator object Open a file for nam trace data “finish” procedure Closes the trace file and starts nam Execute the finish procedure after 5.0 seconds Open a file for trace data

18. 18 Tutorial-2 Using NS set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail Creates two nodes and assigns them to the handle “n0” and “n1” connect the nodes n0 and n1 with a duplex link with the bandwidth 1Megabit, a delay of 10ms and a DropTail queue

19. 19 Tutorial-3 Using NS set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 set packetSize_ 500 $cbr0 set interval_ 0.005 $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 $ns connect $udp0 $null0 Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0 Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0 Create a Null agent and attach it to node n1 Connect the two agents

20. 20 Tutorial-4 Using NS $ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start" $ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop" tell the CBR agent when to send data and when to stop sending

21. 21 Visualization Tools  nam-1 (Network AniMator Version 1)  Packet-level animation  Well supported by ns  xgraph  Convert from ns trace to xgraph format Using NS

22. 22 NAM Using NS set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf

23. 23 xgraph Using NS set tf [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $tf -- -- + 1 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0 - 1 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0 r 1.00234 0 2 cbr 210 ------- 0 0.0 3.1 0 0  raw2xg 를 이용한 xgraph 변환  /ns-allinone-2.29/ns-2.29/bin/raw2xg  Raw2xg –a out.tr > out.xg

24. 24 xgraph Using NS

25. 25 Example

26. 26 References  http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Main_Page  http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/  http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/  배성수, 한종수, “ 네트워크 시뮬레이터 (NS2 기초와 활 용 ),” 세화, 2005.  한국통신학회, “NS-2 단기 강좌 튜토리얼 및 무선 네트워 크 시뮬레이션,” 2006.