1. UNIT 10: Immune System Clicker Review!

2. What is a pathogen? A) a protein B) an antigen C) a disease D) a disease causing agent

3. Which of the following is an example of the function of LYMPH? A) returns small proteins and fluids to the bloodstream B) transports foreign particles to lymph nodes C) filters pathogens from the body D) Both A and B E) A, B, and C

4. Which of the following is an example of the function of a LYMPH NODE? A) filter pathogens B) contains phagocytes C) contains lymphocytes D) All of the above

5. What is the function of a macrophage? A) destroy pathogens & present antigen B) make antibodies C) activate other phagocytotic cells D) divide by mitosis to make neutrophils

6. How is your body’s 1 st line of defense different than its 2 nd line of defense? A) 1 st line of defense tries to destroy some foreign particles outside the body whereas the 2 nd line tries to keep all other foreign particles out of the body B) 1 st line is nonspecific and the 2 nd line is specific C) 2 nd line is nonspecific and the 1 st line is specific D) 1 st line of defense tries to keep all foreign particles out whereas the 2 nd line tries to destroy nonspecific foreign particles that are in the body

7. How can you characterize your body’s 3 rd line of defense? A) nonspecific B) both nonspecific & specific C) specific D) Uses lysozyme

8. Which of the following is NOT an example of your body’s 1 st line of defense? A) skin B) gastric juice C) mucous membranes D) sweat

9. What is an antigen? A) foreign molecule that triggers an immune response B) a molecule produced by B cells that attach to bacteria C) the chemical released by Cytotoxic T cells D) receptor located on your immune system lymphocyte cells

10. What are antibodies? A) a protein B) produced by specific B cells called plasma cells C) attach to antigen which inactivates the antigen so that it can’t infect new cells D) A, B, and C E) B and C only

11. Once a lymphocyte has been “selected,” what does it do? A) it begins mitosis B) it produces antibodies C) it secretes perforin D) it engulfs the pathogen

12. Which of the following is NOT true in regards to the location of lymphocyte production & maturation? A) B cells are produced in bone marrow B) T cells are produced in bone marrow C) T cells mature in the thymus D) B cells mature in the thymus

13. Why is it beneficial to have a low grade fever? A) destroys the proteins pathogens need to survive B) increases phagocytic activity & lowers iron levels C) increases B cell activation D) increase antibody attachment

14. Which of the following does NOT occur in the inflammatory response? A) release histamine B) increase permeability of capillaries C) attract number of WBC’s to the area D) release interferon

15. Which of the following substances is NOT in lymph? A) water B) gases C) large proteins D) hormones

16. Which of the following organs is NOT part of the lymphatic system? A) spleen B) thymus C) pancreas D) lymph nodes

17. What is the function of Helper T cells? A) activate other Helper T cells B) produce antibodies C) destroy pathogens in the bloodstream D) activate B cells or Cytotoxic T cells

18. What is the immune function of Cytotoxic T cells? A) destroy pathogens in the bloodstream B) destroy infected cells of the body C) activate B cells D) reset the hypothalamus to a higher temperature

19. What is the immune function of plasma cells? A) destroy pathogens encountered in lymph nodes B) lower the amount of iron available to bacteria C) produce memory cells D) produce antibodies

20. What is a vaccine? A) antibodies from another person who has recovered from a particular pathogen B) antibodies in pill form C) memory cells from another person D) weakened or killed pathogen

21. Why is it beneficial to be vaccinated? A) have antibodies available if encounter that pathogen B) have memory cells available if encounter that pathogen C) have Helper T cells available if encounter that pathogen D) have Cytotoxic T cells available if encounter that pathogen

22. What is the immune function of histamine? A) cause mast cells to burst B) causes blood vessels to constrict C) causes blood vessels to dilate D) cause a drop in blood pressure

23. HIV attacks, infiltrates, and destroys which cell in your body? A) B cell B) macrophage C) Cytotoxic T cell D) Helper T cell

24. Which cell is involved in the humoral response? A) Cytotoxic T cell B) macrophage C) Helper T cell D) B cell

25. What is phagocytosis? A) when one cell bursts (lyses) due to a chemical release from another cell B) when one cell activates another cell C) when one cell engulfs & destroys another cell D) when one cell divides into two cells

26. How does interferon work ? A) released from infected cell; protects nearby cells from viral infection B) released from infected cell; protects nearby cells from bacterial infection C) released from pathogen; increases its ability to infect D) released from macrophages to protect non-infected cells

27. How is the primary immune response different from the secondary immune response? A) secondary response: faster B) secondary response: more antibodies C) secondary response: antibodies have a higher affinity for antigen D) These are all key differences

28. What is naturally acquired active immunity? A) when a person receives a vaccine B) when a person receives antibodies (antiserum) through a shot C) when a baby receives antibodies through breast milk D) when a person is directly exposed to a pathogen & gets better

29. What is artificially acquired active immunity? A) when a person receives a vaccine B) when a person receives antibodies (antiserum) through a shot C) when a baby receives antibodies through breast milk D) when a person is directly exposed to a pathogen

30. What is an allergy? A) lymphocytes do not recognize “self” from “nonself” B) excessive & misdirected immune response C) when macrophages divide uncontrollably D) when T cells begin attacking body cells such as nerve cells

31. What is anaphylactic shock? A) a severe, immediate reaction to an allergen B) not enough memory cells are produced C) not enough antibodies are produced D) an excessive release of perforin

32. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of anaphylactic shock? A) a mass release of histamine B) severe drop in blood pressure C) massive dilation of blood vessels D) rapid firing of nerves to skeletal muscles

33. A Helper T cell can “activate” which of the following cells upon contact? A) B cells B) Cytotoxic T cells C) Macrophages D) Neutrophils E) A and B F) A, B, and C

34. When a person’s immune system cannot recognize their own cells as “self,” what is the result? A) immune deficiency disease B) an autoimmune disease C) cancer D) Ebola

35. Which of the following is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity? A) a shot of antiserum containing antibodies from another person B) a baby drinking breast milk C) a shot of weakened or killed pathogen D) a person caught a cold and got better

36. What can be done to minimize tissue rejection? A) match tissues of donor & recipient as closely as possible B) take immune system suppressing drugs C) destroy all Helper T cells D) None of the above E) A and B F) A, B, and C

37. How is an autoimmune disease different than an immunodeficiency disease? A) there aren’t any lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases B) 1 part of your immune system attacks a specific part of your body in an autoimmune disease vs. not having a cell-mediated or humoral response in immunodeficiency diseases C) 1 part of your immune system attacks a specific part of your body in immunodeficiency diseases vs. not having a cell-mediated or humoral response in an autoimmune disease D) they aren’t different; they are the same

38. Currently, what is 1 possible way that an individual could be virtually immune to contracting the HIV virus? A) getting vaccinated as a child B) having no mutations in the CCR5 gene C) having 1 mutation in the CCR5 gene D) having 2 mutations in the CCR5 gene

39. When someone has a delayed allergic reaction to a chemical in lotions, make-up, or detergents, what is the result? A) anaphylactic shock B) swelling of throat tissues C) dermatitis D) massive antibody production

40. What is the cause of Graves disease? A) T-cells cause destruction of insulin producing cells in pancreas B) immune system attacks alimentary canal (attack of autoantibodies leads to chronic inflammation) C) autoantibodies attack DNA (can affect whole body as result) D) autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating receptor (overproduce thyroid stimulating hormone; involved in metabolism) E) T-cells destroy myelin sheath around neurons

41. What is the cause of multiple sclerosis? A) T-cells cause destruction of insulin producing cells in pancreas B) immune system attacks alimentary canal (attack of autoantibodies leads to chronic inflammation) C) autoantibodies attack DNA (can affect whole body as result) D) virus infects Helper T-cells E) T-cells destroy myelin sheath around neurons

42. What is the cause of lupus? A) autoantibodies attack cartilage of joints B) immune system attacks alimentary canal (attack of autoantibodies leads to chronic inflammation) C) autoantibodies attack DNA (can affect whole body as result) D) virus infects Helper T-cells E) virus infects Cytotoxic T-cells

43. Correctly match the cause of Crohn’s disease, Type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis? Cause Of Crohn’s disease Cause Of Type I diabetes Cause Of rheumatoid arthritis Aimmune system attacks alimentary canal (attack of autoantibodies leads to chronic inflammation) T-cells cause destruction of insulin producing cells in pancreas autoantibodies attack cartilage of joints B immune system attacks alimentary canal (attack of autoantibodies leads to chronic inflammation) T-cells cause destruction of insulin producing cells in pancreas C autoantibodies attack cartilage of joints immune system attacks alimentary canal (attack of autoantibodies leads to chronic inflammation)