1. Section Two

2. 1. 1620-Landing of Pilgrims at Plymouth 2. 1620-Mayflower Compact 3. 1630-Beginning of Massachusetts Bay Colony 4. 1635-Settlement of Connecticut 5. 1636-Founding of Rhode Island 6. 1692-Salem Witch Trials

3. You live in a town near London in the early 1700s. Some of your neighbors are starting new lives in the American colonies. You would like to go with them, but you cannot afford the cost of the trip. There is one way you can go, though. You can sign a paper promising to work as a servant for ve years. Then you would be free and in a new country! Would you sign the paper and go to America?

4. “Puritans” (who wanted to reform the church) “Pilgrims” (escape from religious tension in England, and some of them had tried to separate from the Church of England) wanted to come to America. (VC)(VC)

5. The Pilgrims moved to the Netherlands to escape persecution. Pilgrims were immigrants-people who have left a country of their birth to live in another country. Pilgrims wanted to go to America, to avoid persecution and preserve English traditions.

6. The Pilgrims formed a joint- stock company with some merchants and received permission from the crown to settle in Virginia. In 1620, the Pilgrims (Under the leadership of William Bradford) set aboard the “Mayflower” to start a new colony (were blown off course and landed in Plymouth)

7. Traveling as a passenger on the Mayflower was very difficult and scary. The 102 passengers were crammed into a fairly small space. There weren't any bathrooms, running water, or fresh air. It probably smelt awful. When the weather was bad, the passengers had to stay below for days, getting thrashed around by the waves and wondering if the ship would make it through the storm.

8. While the crew was constantly busy taking care of the ship, many of the passengers were probably pretty bored. They had to prepare and cook their meals, mend their clothes, and take care of the sick. Many of the passengers were seasick for much of the trip.The children probably made up games to play to pass the time and Pilgrims gathered together and prayed a lot.

9. Their leader, William Bradford, called for the creation of the “Mayflower Compact”, a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good. (VC)(VC) It was formed to govern the new colony since it was outside the boundaries of Virginia (became one of the first constitutions in America). Mayflower Compact” represents one of the first attempts at self- government in the English colonies.

10. The Mayflower Compact had an effect on the development of constitutional democracy in America by rested the authority of governments on covenants, or sacred agreements.

11. In late 1620, they landed at Plymouth Rock in present-day Massachusetts. They struggled through the winter. Nearly half died during the first winter from sickness and the freezing winter. (VC)(VC)

14. In their first winter, the pilgrims nearly starved and were saved by Squanto and Samoset (helped them hunt & grow crops and introduced them to Massaoit (the Wampanoag chief)) Samoset spoke English, “Welcome Englishman” They invited the first chief and local tribe to celebration feast, this event marked the first Thanksgiving. (VC)(VC)

15. Most Pilgrims became farmers, but farmland was poor. Also, fishing and hunting conditions were poor. However, they formed a tight-knit community and became stronger as more settlers arrived in the mid 1620s. The Pilgrims had many families, unlike Jamestown, The Pilgrims taught their children to read. “All children need to be able to read the Bible.” All families worked together to survive the early years of the colony. The women cooked and made clothing, while the men farmed and repaired tools.

16. Was a elementary school book, it taught reading, spelling, and arithmetic. Teachers could spank or whip the students or sit them in the corner if they misbehaved. When a student talked too much, the tutor placed a whispering stick in the talkative student's mouth. This stick, held in place with a band of cloth, prevented any further talking.

18. In Plymouth, women had more legal rights then in England. Pilgrim women could sign contracts and bring cases before courts. Widows could own property.

19. A number of crisis forced Puritans to leave England An economic depression in the 1620s King Charles I raised taxes during the depression The Anglican Church then punished Puritans and King refused to allow Puritans to criticize church actions. (VC)VC

20. In 1629, a group of Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company and received a royal charter to go to America (wanted to create a colony based on the law of the Bible). John Winthrop is chosen as the leader and takes over 900 settlers to an area they named Boston.

21. In the 1630’s, over 15,000 settlers arrive in Massachusetts to escape persecution in England (called the “The Great migration”). By 1640, New England had a population of 22,500 while Virginia had only 5,000. The Puritans believed that they had made a covenant with God to build an ideal Christian community.

22. The Puritans arrived well prepared, unlike in Jamestown or Plymouth. They brought large amounts of tools and live stock with them. They had good relations with the Native Americans and traded with the Plymouth colony. By 1691 Massachusetts Bay Colony had expanded to include the Plymouth Colony

23. Massachusetts Bay Colony had to obey English laws. However it created the General Court to help run the colony. It was a representative government, with 2-3 delegates from each town. The General Court elected a Governor, and it became a bicameral legislature in 1644

24. Government leaders where church members and Ministers had great power in the Puritan communities. Male church members were only allowed to vote. The intolerance of the Puritans for those who did not believe what they did caused other settlers to search for new colonies.

25. In 1636, Thomas Hooker led a small group of settlers to New Haven (in Connecticut) to find better farmland and escape Puritan rule and created the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut” in 1639 (first written constitution in America) The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut had a set of principles that made the new colony’s government more democratic.

26. In 1636, Roger Williams founded the settlement of Providence after being banished from Salem. He bought the land from Native Americans and supported religious tolerance and separation of church and state. Anne Hutchinson was banished from Boston, because she believed that people could have a relationship with God had more authority then ministers. She founded Portsmouth, NH

27. Harsh climate and rocky soil meant that few New England farms could grow cash crops, unlike the in the South. Most farmers in New England were “subsistence farmers” (growing just enough for their own family) due to the New England and subpar soil. Slavery did not become important in this region, due to lack of demand for farm laborers

28. Trade was vital to New England's economy. They traded locally and abroad, this created wealthy merchant families. Fishing became one the region’s leading industries. The variety of fish provided for food, while whales were captured for their valuable oil.

29. Shipbuilding was another important industry. The area had plenty of forests that provided materials. New England shipyards made high-quality, valuable vessels that can be used for merchant ships.

30. Families often sent younger sons to learn trades such as blacksmithing, weaving, shipbuilding, and printing. These apprentices lived the master craftsmen and learned from him for a set number of years. They performed simple tasks, and received food, shelter, and a stipend. They would then become a journeyman, and travel to other towns to learn new skills. They would eventually become master themselves.

31. Mother s and fathers wanted their children to read the Bible. Massachusetts Bay Colony provided the first laws requiring parents to instruct their children. The first printing press was open in 1639 and the first book printed was the Book of Psalms

32. To ensure that ministers would be educated, schools were required in townships with more the 50 families. School children often used the New England Primer, an early textbook. Most other colonies didn’t have public education, they were either taught be family members or tutors. Most colonial children stopped their education after the elementary grades and went to work.

33. In 1636 John Harvard and the General Court established Harvard College, the first college in America. John Harvard gave £700 and 400 books to the college before his death. Harvard was originally founded to train ministers. By 1700 about 70% of men and 45% of women in New England could read and write. (100% in Boston) Virginia: Only 54-60% could read and write

35. 1. What factors led to the Pilgrims to leave England and settle in America? 2. How was religion connected to government in the New England Colonies? 3. What was the name of the constitution of Connecticut? 4. What did Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson have in common? 5. What class of people gained power and wealth from trade in New England colonies? 6. What was the first college in New England?