1. Map Link: Central Asia in the Modern Day:
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Map Link: Central Asian Trade Routes:
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2. Diverse Area united by Islam
Rivers: Syr Darya, Amu Darya, Zeravshan
Agriculture and commerce
Settled peoples and nomads

3. 1405 Death of Timur. Civil war follows
Shah Rukh conquers much of
Timurid lands
Black Sheep (Qara-Quyunlu) Turkmen
confederation of Tabriz, Azerbaijan
White Sheep (Aq-Quyunlu) Turkmen
of eastern Asia Minor

4. Herat (Shah Rukh)
Samarqand (Ulugh Bey)

5. Shah Rukh as Islamic monarch
Ulugh Bey as Mongol ruler
Herat and environs – literature and manuscript
arts
Transoxiana – architecture and science

6. 1447 Death of Shah Rukh. Civil war follows
1449 Death of Ulugh Bey
1467 White Sheep Turkmen defeat Black
Sheep and start expanding territory to
east
Reign of Husayn Bayqara at
Herat

7. End 15th c. Uzbeks arrive on eastern frontier
of Transoxiana
Uzbek Khan (r )
1501 Muhammad Shaybani unites Uzbeks and
takes Transoxiana and most of Khorasan
1510 Safavids defeat Uzbeks at Merv and, in
alliance with Babur, at Samarqand
1512 Babur flees Samarqand

8. Kazakhs (“freebooters”)
Syr Darya

9. 1582 ‘Abd Allah Khan unites Uzbeks.
Start of Shaybanid Period ( )
1588 Uzbeks take Khorasan. Subsequent
campaigns into Tarim Basin and
Kazakh Steppe
Astrakhanid Period

10. Early 17th c. Split Astrakhanid Khanate
Late 17th c. Khanate unified
Independence of local rulers
Losses to external enemies
Decline of commerce

11. Role of Sufi orders, incl. Naqshbandis
Baha’ al-Din Naqshband of Bukhara (d. 1389)
“Silent dhikr” khwajas (Sufi masters)

12. Spread through Transoxiana, to Uzbeks, Tarim
Basin, Uighurs of W. China, Hui of
Central and E. China
Divisive at times; e.g. Gedimu (old) vs.
Khufiya (concealed/secret) in China
Tensions with Chinese