1. Religion Review Basics & Spread of each major religious tradition

2. Judaism Hebrews settled in Canaan(Middle East area: also called Zion, Palestine, Judah…) Started Monotheism Abraham Moses-Ten Commandments-laws for moral and religious conduct Torah-holy book, first five books of Old Testament

3. Judaism In 1500 was concentrated in Europe and Middle East Diaspora of Jews under Roman rule, then Muslim Ottoman Turks took Middle East in 1453. Jews in Europe forced into ghettos during Medieval period. Late 1800’s many fled Eastern Europe and Russia because of pogroms. Holocaust killed 6 million Jews. Today Jews concentrated in Israel & North America.

4. Israel and N.Am

5. Christianity Monotheism. Jesus as the Messiah (Savior), Son of God Life after death Bible=Old & New Testament (life & teachings of Jesus) Christian doctrine established by early church councils. Paul-convert gentiles In 1500 Christianity concentrated in Europe & M.E. Concentrated today in Europe, North and South America (remember Jesuits converted Latin Americans+settled by Catholics.)

6. Christianity is found in the Western Hemisphere and in Europe today

7. Islam Monotheism Muhammad the prophet Quran (Koran) holy book Five Pillars=hajj, prayer, fasting, creed, almsgiving Makkah (Mecca) holy City=pray toward Madinah (Medina) & Jerusalem also holy.

8. Islam In 1500 Muslims were concentrated in parts of Asia, Africa and southern Europe (think of Spain & Portugal) Today Islamic faith is concentrated in the Middle East, Africa (especially North and West Africa) and Asia(remember Indonesia and Malaysia are very large populous Muslim nations.)

9. Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama-The Enlightened One- Buddha Four Noble Truths-end desires, end suffering… Eightfold Path Asoka-spread Buddhism to Sri Lanka & China & other areas of Asia Attempt to achieve nirvana

10. Buddhism In 1500 was located in East & Southeast Asia Today Buddhism is still concentrated in East and Southeast Asia

11. Buddha Shiva

12. Hinduism Many forms of one deity=Shiva, Vishnu, Ganesha, Brahma…. Caste system based on occupation Reincarnation Karma & dharma- present behavior influences reincarnation Ahimsa-non-violence. Moksha=peace, release Vedas & Upanishads-holy books

13. Hinduism In 1500 Hinduism was concentrated in India and parts of Southeast Asia Today Hinduism is concentrated in India. Holy city is Benares or Varanesi, holiest river is the Ganges in northern India

14. Shintoism Native Japanese Religion Nature & Emperor worship Now the Japanese only have nature worship since Japan lost WWII and Emperor Hirohito said in his radio address to the Japanese people that he was not divine.