1. Todays’ Agenda Internet Search Tools & Strategies Know the following definitions Search engine Subject directory Index Spider Meta search engine Invisible Web Know the 4 categories of Search Tools & how they are different Identify examples of each type of search tool Know how to use advanced features of Google ( quotes, site:,minus, etc.) and at least 3 other search strategies Practice and review: http://www.quia.com/pages/mreinecke16/page2

2. Introduction to Search Tools Search Tools: There are many type of search tools that you can use to locate information on the World Wide Web. Various search tools are developed by different companies and have different search features and techniques. They search different and overlapping parts of the WWW.

3. Introduction to Search Tools NO single search tool searches ALL of the web sites (there are millions of web sites and more are added each and every day). The 4 types of search tools are: 1. Search engines 2. Web subject directories 3. Metasearch engines 4. Invisible Web Tools (the “Invisible Web” is also known as the "Deep Web")

4. Search Engine Definition: a program that retrieves documents or files or data from a databases on the WWW Spiders or robots- Automated software that scans the web pages and links on the WWW, and collects information for the search engine. Index – information that is collected and stored into databases to help retrieve results more efficiently.

5. Search Engine Examples Examples: Google (  click on the word to see a video on how Google works) Google Yahoo! Bing Exercise: For each of the search engines above 1. search for “Vasco da Gama” 2. record the # of hits 3. record the first two web sites listed in the results.

6. Search Engines Advantages: Search engines contain millions of web pages. You retrieve results that match the word(s) that you are looking for. Can be useful for searching for unique or specific topics. Disadvantages: Depending on the search engine, you may get thousands or millions of results. Many of the results may not be exactly what you are looking for, especially if you are using broad or common terms.

7. Subject (web) Directories Definition: a WWW search tool organizes Internet resources by subject headings and subheadings. Subject directories are usually compiled by human beings who apply some selection criteria to resources included in the database There may be short summaries that describe the web sites in the directory.

8. How Subject Directories Work A Web directory organizes Web sites by subject, and is usually maintained by humans instead of software. The searcher looks at sites organized in a series of categories and menus. Web directories are usually much smaller than search engines' databases, since the sites are looked at by human eyes instead of by spiders.

9. Subject Directory Examples ipl2 www.ipl.orgwww.ipl.org Over 40,000. Highest quality sites only. Useful, reliable annotations. Formed by a merger of the Librarians' Internet Index and the Internet Public Library. Infomine infomine.ucr.eduinfomine.ucr.edu Over 125,000. Useful, reliable annotations. Compiled by academic librarians from the University of California and elsewhere. About.com www.about.comwww.about.com Over 2 million. Generally good annotations done by "Guides" with various levels of expertise.

10. Subject Directory Practice Use each of the subject directories listed and follow the subject categories -- do NOT use the search box -- to search for information on: weight loss List each category as you go to it. (IPL) http://www.ipl.org/http://www.ipl.org/ (About) http://www.about.com/http://www.about.com/

11. Subject (Web) Directories Advantages: There may be a higher degree of accuracy using web directories for researching broad subjects or topics. Disadvantages: Usually fewer web sites than a search engine. Web directories may not be as useful as search engines for researching specific or obscure topics.

12. Metasearch Engines Definition: A search engine that searches multiple search engines at one time. Some Meta search engines will also show you a small number of the "best" web sites from each search engine based on criteria established by the metasearch engine. Some Metasearch engines will display results by individual engines searched.

13. Metasearch Engines Advantages: You can search specific keywords or obscure topics using many search engines at one time. Disadvantages: You may retrieve useless Web sites depending on how each individual search engine interprets the search.

14. Meta Search Engine Examples AllPlus Searches Web, news, image, video and blog content from Google, Yahoo, MSN Live and Ask.com. The results are organized into clusters. AllPlus Bingle Lets you compare the results returned by Bing and Google, side-by-side, for Web, video, images, maps, and more. Bingle Dogpile, InfoSpace, Inc. Searches top engines such as About, Ask.com, Google LookSmart, MSN, and Yahoo (including Yahoo ads). Dogpile

15. Invisible Web Definition: Web sites that are hidden from use by the general public and include specialized databases and directories. (Also known as the Deep Web or Hidden Web. The terms invisible web, hidden web, and deep web all refer to the same thing: a massive storehouse of online data that the search engines don't capture.

16. Searching on the Internet today can be compared to dragging a net across the surface of the ocean: a great deal may be caught in the net, but there is a wealth of information that is deep and therefore missed… Mike Bergman The Deep Web (also called Deepnet, the invisible Web, DarkNet, Undernet, or the hidden Web) refers to World Wide Web content that is not part of the Surface Web, which is indexed by standard search engines. Traditional search engines cannot "see" or retrieve content in the deep Web – those pages do not exist until they are created dynamically as the result of a specific search. Invisible Web

17. Question: How big is the Invisible Web? Answer: The Invisible Web is estimated to be literally thousands of times larger than the World Wide Web content found with general search engine queries. According to Bright Planet, a search organization specializing in Deep Web content extraction, the Deep Web contains nearly 550 billion individual documents compared to the one billion of the surface Web.

18. Invisible Web Search Tools Complete Planet http://www.completeplanet.com http://www.completeplanet.com Infomine http://infomine.ucr.edu/

19. Invisible Web Search Tools 10 Search Engines to explore the Invisible Web

20. Invisible Web Advantages: Can be useful for specific topics or unique terms. Disadvantages: Information is not easily found You must know the URL or search using a search tool specifically created for searching parts of the Invisible Web.

21. Effective Search Strategies Before beginning a search, think about what you are looking for. There are strategies that you can use to find information more efficiently, saving valuable time. There are strategies that can also help you increase the effectiveness of your searches. Your goal should be to to find the BEST, most RELEVANT, and most RELIABLE resources as quickly as possible.

22. Effective Search Strategies  Do not search by asking a question, use only a few “KEY” words  Enter the most important words first.  Often search engines will search and rank the first term used before any of the other search words.

23. Effective Search Strategies Smart Keyword Searching Usually one keyword is not specific enough for your topic. ( Avoid being too general) Before you begin a keyword search, think about your topic. Decide on some words (terms) to express the most important concepts. Include different keywords which might be used to describe your subject. Use synonyms (e.g. ‘submarine’ or ‘submersible’ or ‘underwater’)

24. Where does the term Boolean originate? George Boole, an English mathematician in the 19th century, developed "Boolean Logic" in order to combine certain concepts and exclude certain concepts when searching databases.

25. How do I do a Boolean Search? You have two choices: you can use the standard Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT, or you can use their symbols. It depends on you, the searcher, on which method you're more comfortable with.

26. Boolean Searching: “And” AND is equal to the PLUS symbol. combines words in your search results. AND always broadens a search. EXAMPLE 1. Jazz AND Blues 2. Jazz + Blues 1. NOTE: All search engines use the AND operator by default.

27. Boolean Searching: “NOT” NOT is equal to the MINUS symbol. excludes words from your search results NOT always narrows a search EXAMPLE: 1. Jazz NOT blues 2. Jazz -blues

28. Boolean Searching: “OR” OR is equal to the “|” sign. OR is most commonly used to search for synonymous, terms or concepts. OR always broadens a search. EXAMPLE: 1. Cats OR Felines 2. Cats |Felines

29. Additional Search Strategies Boolean Operators can help to broaden or narrow your search, but there are many other “tips and tricks” that can help you become a Super Searcher! The first step to finding information is to critically think about what you want to find. Visualize the results you want, and use select your search strategies to find resources that are relevant and reliable.

30. The Advanced Search option can be found in most search tools. We’ll focus on Google’s advanced features since it is the most commonly used search tool. BUT, remember, most of the same tools will be available in most other search engines, directories or meta search tools. Search Strategy: Advanced Search

31. GOOGLE ADVANCED SEARCH PAGE

32. Find web pages that have….

33. Need more tools? Customize your search even further! Return results at a specific reading level Change the # results per page Return results in a specific language Return results in a specific file format, i.e. PDF, PPT, XLS, DOC, SWF, etc Return results from a specific group of websites, i.e..gov,.edu..com.mil

34. MORE TOOLS??? CLICK on the + to see MORE options DATE: return results within a specified date range Usage Rights: shows you pages that are either labeled with a Creative Commons license or labeled as being in the public domain Where your keywords show up: specify location of keywords in websites Region: show results from specific regions of the world Numeric range: narrow results by $ range, i.e. $100-$ 300, or by year, i.e. 2005-2011

35. Advanced Search Shortcuts You can perform many of the same advanced search features without using Googles’ advanced search page. By using specific words or symbols right in the main Google search box, you can accomplish many of the same customized searches.

36. Searching with “quotes” Use double quotes around a set of words to help you find websites with those words in that exact order.  Double quotes can be very helpful for finding titles, proper name or specific phrases. Example: “greenhouse effect”

37. Domain Searching To domain search: Type in your search site:.your domain  Domain searching helps you find websites with a specific domain (ex:.com,.gov, etc.).  Example: Let’s say you are searching for dogs, but you only want results for.edu sites. You would type in dogs site:.edu Adapted from slide by Frank Maloney grade 7

38. Domain Searching use to limit your search to pages published by certain groups teens smoking site:edu teens smoking site:org teens smoking site:gov

39. Government Searching To government search: You could do a domain search with the domain.gov Or you could go to google.com/unclesam  Government searches help you find website with the domain.gov. This could help you because government information is almost if not always correct.  Example: Let’s say your searching for something in American history. The government often has very good information about American history. You would do a government search using google.com/unclesam or using a domain search. Adapted from slide by Frank Maloney grade 7

40. Searching With ~ Searching with ~ searches for synonyms of your search as well. To search with ~: Type in ~ your search. Example: Let’s say your searching for tables, but your not getting good results. You could search ~tables and find more results about the same thing, but with different words. Adapted from slide by Frank Maloney grade 7

41. Title Searching To title search: Type in allintitle or title: your title  Title searching helps you find articles and websites that have a specific title.  Example: Let’s say you want to find an article with the title Cool Food. You would type in allintitle: Cool Food Adapted from slide by Frank Maloney grade 7

42. Searching With * Searching with * helps you find information that you don’t know. To search with *: You type in your search and then fill in the part you don’t know with a *. Example: Let’s say you don’t know what Columbus discovered. You would type in Columbus discovered * and it would tell you. Adapted from slide by Frank Maloney grade 7

43. Link Searching To link search: Type in link:www.yourwebsite.com  A link search finds websites that link to your website.  Example: Let’s say you want to find websites that link to ancestry.com. You would type in link:www.ancestry.com Adapted from slide by Frank Maloney grade 7

44. Search Terms # of results the great depression “ the great depression ” “ the great depression ” site:edu “ black blizzards ” “ the great depression ” site:gov “ the great depression ” site:gov “ black blizzards ” Search Strategy “ quotes” and “site:” The Great Depression (historical event)

45. Playing the Google Game At your table with your partners, use the searching techniques you have learned to answer the following questions. Record the search terms you use and the number of results for each search. The team with the fewest number wins the game.

46. Question #1: Can you explain how the author has used the raven as a symbol in Edgar Allan Poe ’ s poem “ The Raven ” ? “ Edgar Allan Poe ” raven symbol site:.edu

47. Question #2 How was Edgar Allan Poe related to Virginia Clem, and what is the lowest number of results you are able to get when doing a search about their relationship? “Edgar Allan Poe” “Virginia Clem” site:gov 2 results “Edgar Allan Poe” “Virginia Clem” site:org About 39 results

48. Extra Features Google includes many extra features such as: Images-This feature makes it easy to find images by only searching for images. Videos- This feature makes it easy to find videos by only searching for videos. Maps- This feature allows you to search for different places and get directions to that place. News- This feature provides you with recent news about topics. These topics can be people, places, things, etc. Shopping- This feature allows you to search for, as well as buy items. It also provides you with nearby stores that have this item. Gmail- This feature allows you to set up and access an e-mail account. AND THERE ARE more ▼ !!!!!!