1. Final Review

2. O 1. Modes- a Greek scale of 8 tones beginning on each note of the C scale. O 2. Aulos- Greek woodwind instrument. O 3. Cithara- wooden type of Greek lyre. O 4. Voice- first musical instrument.

3. O 5. Medieval- time period from 500-1400 AD, also known as the Dark Ages. O 6. Hand clapping- first rhythm instrument. O 7. Minstrels- travelling poet-musicians who sang songs of love, chivalry, historical and imaginary events, and about daily life in the Medieval period. O 8. Secular- non-religious, wordly. O 9. Sacred- religious. O 10. Gregorian chant- monophonic, unaccompanied religious music.

4. O 11. Terraced dynamics- sudden shifts in dynamics (volume) in the Baroque period. O 12. Crescendo- gradual increase in volume (Classical period and on). O 13. Dynamics-level of volume.

5. O 14. Opera- drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment. O 15. Librettist- writes the words to an opera. O 16. Aria- song for solo voice in an opera. O 17. Recitative- vocal line that imitates the patterns of speech and moves the ploy forward in an opera.

6. O 18. School of Notre Dame- style of composing, Leonin and Perotin major composers, notated rhythm and pitch, polyphonic music. O 19. Hildegard of Bingen- nun who wrote Gregorian chant, 1 st woman composer from whom a large number of works survive. O 20. Sonata form- structure of music within a piece, like a symphony. O 21. Word painting- music mimics the lyrics.

7. O 22. Broken consort- group of different instruments. O 23. Concerto grosso- orchestral music, tutti plays against a GROUP of soloists.

8. O 24. List the dates for each time period: O Ancient- BC- 500 AD O Medieval- 500-1400 O Renaissance- 1400-1600 O Baroque- 1600-1750 O Classical- 1750-1830 Romantic- 1830-1900

9. O 25. How does music develop in relation to culture and technology? O They developed together.

10. O 26. Which of the Greek modes became the Major scale? Minor scale? O Major scale- Ionian O Minor scale- Aeolian

11. O 27. What are the characteristics of Gregorian chant? O 1. monophonic O 2. unaccompanied O 3. religious O 4. rhythm is flexible O 5. Named after Pope Gregory the Great

12. O 28. What is the importance of organum? O It was the first instance of polyphonic music.

13. O 29. What does it mean to be a “universal man” in the Renaissance? O A person who is educated in many aspects, including music.

14. O 30. What is humanism? O Movement which focused on human life and its accomplishments in the Renaissance.

15. O 31. What is the relationship between humanism and the power of the Church? O As humanism spread, the Church’s power declined since humanism was focused on human life and its accomplishments and the Church was focused on the afterlife.

16. O 32. What is a madrigal? What song is an example? O A piece for several voice set to a short poem, usually about love. O Used word painting. O “As Vesta was Descending” is example.

17. O 33. What is a pavane? What song is an example? O A slow processional dance common in Europe during the 16 th century. O “Belle Qui Tiens Ma Vie” is example.

18. O 34. Who wrote Don Giovanni? What is it an example of? O Mozart, opera

19. O 35. Compare and contrast Renaissance and Baroque music. O Renaissance- simple O Baroque- action, movement, more complex

20. O 37. How do the 2 sculptures of David describe the music of the Renaissance and Baroque? O Renaissance (Michelangelo) -Posed, less movement, simpler O Baroque (Bernini) -action, more movement, drama

21. O 38. List the characteristics of Baroque music. O 1. unity of mood O 2. repeated rhythms O 3. repeated, complex melody O 4. terraced dynamics O 5. polyphonic O 6. harpsichord used

22. O 39. List the characteristics of Classical music. O 1. contrast of mood O 2. many different rhythms used O 3. melody is tuneful (easy to sing) O 4. crescendo and decrescendo, O 5. homophonic and polyhonic O 6. piano used

23. O 40. How did mood change from the Baroque to the Classical period? O Baroque- unity of mood (one mood throughout piece) O Renaissance- conflict and contrast of mood (mood changes).

24. O 41. What is a sonata? O Structure of a piece of music (in a symphony).

25. O 42. What are the sections in sonata form? What is the function of each? O Exposition- sets up themes O Development- develops the themes O Recapitulation- brings back the original themes O Coda- ending

26. O 43. What are the characteristics of Romantic music? O 1. emotional intensity O 2. self-expression and individuality of style O 3. nationalism a theme O 5. extreme dynamics (ppp, fff)

27. O 44. What is program music? O Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene. O Used in Romantic Era

28. O 45. What is a fixed idea? O A melody that represents a character that appears in each movement of the symphony (Romantic period- Berlioz “Symphonie Fantasique”)

29. O -O sucessores- Hildegard of Bingen (Medieval) O -Alleluia: Vidimus Stellam (M) O -Sumer is Icumen In (M) O -Alleluia: Nativitas- Perotin (M) O -As Vesta Was Descending- Thomas Weelkes (Renaissance) O -Now is the Month of Maying - Thomas Morley (R) O -Belle Qui Tiens Ma Vie-Thoinot Arbeau (R) O -Brandenburg Concerto No.5 in D Major - J.S. Bach (Baroque) O -Organ Fugue in G Minor - J.S. Bach (B)

30. O -La Primavera (Spring), from The Four Seasons - Antonio Vivaldi (B) O -Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah - George Frideric Handel (B) O -Symphony No. 40 in G minor- Mozart (Classical) O -Madamina from Don Giovanni- Mozart (C) O -Symphony No. 5 in C minor- Beethoven (C) O -Surprise Symphony- Haydn (C) O -Symphonie Fantasique- Berlioz (Romantic) O -Pictures at an Exhibition (The Great Gate of Kiev) – Mussorgsky (R)