2. 1 Desktop Publishing

3. 2 White Space as a design tool n surrounding pages n between columns n within and around headlines n between lines and paragraphs n between letters and words n around subheads

4. 3 Sides of Pages n typically margin defaults are set too large but allow space for: n binding n folding n hole punches

5. 4 Side gutter n You can make the left margin wider by altering the left gutter n In Microsoft Publisher Choose Layout, Layout Guides

6. 5 Top and bottom of each page n set headers and footers n against edge of page n against adjacent text columns n In Microsoft Publisher Position headers and footers on Background pages (Choose Page, Go to Background or use Ctrl+M shortcut). Choose Layout, Layout Guides to determine the placement of text frames.

7. 6 Hanging paragraphs n use a band of white space down the left to overhang headings n align text under graphic objects

8. 7 Paragraphs n Options: n first line indents n extra space between paragraphs n To get Microsoft Publisher to control indents Choose Format, Indents & Lists. When the Indents and Lists dialog box appears, enter the desired indent in the First Line box by clicking the up/down arrows or by entering the measurement you want.

9. 8 Adding space between paragraphs n do not press enter twice as this adds too much space n To adjust spaces between paragraphs in Microsoft Publisher Choose Format, Line Spacing. In the Line Spacing dialog box, select indents and Spacing. Enter a desired measurement in the After box or click the up/down arrows

10. 9 Avoid rivers of white space n avoid two spaces between sentences n ‘holes’ in text n ‘holes’ on consecutive lines can create ‘rivers’ of white space n hint: you can use search and replace to get rid of two spaces and replace with one This is important

11. 10 Multi-columns n used for economy, ease of reading and design flexibility n make it easy to incorporate a variety of different-sized visuals into your pages n columns should be wide enough to accommodate approximately 40 characters in the font you are using n columns do not need to be central

12. 11 Spacing between columns n too narrow and readers ‘jump the gap’ n too wide and page unity is destroyed by vertical bands of white space between columns n small type can have closely spaced columns n justified text usually need more column space that flush left/ragged right

13. 12 Vertical downrules n Factors which may indicating downrules are needed: n gutters between columns are very small n larger type size of text in columns n justified columns n text should be easy to read n avoid using 3 or more different line widths on a page

14. 13 Tools for consistency - borders n boxed borders around a page give a conservative or “classic” image n in many cases, side borders are not needed - especially if text is justified n good borders reinforce either the text or white space of the page n different width horizontal rules can be used to emphasize text and white space

15. 14 Tools for consistency - Grids n grids provide uniformity, pulling everything together n a master page with a grid shows elements which are repeated on each page n grids show layout of columns (which may contain text or white space on the page) n by varying placement of text and graphic elements on the grid you can enjoy flexibility without chaos

16. 15 Tools for consistency - Spreads n spreads - readers see several pages at once, aim to balance the design on the pages n headers and footers on adjoining pages should match and text columns should align n always preview your document as several pages before printing

17. 16 Tools for consistency - Templates n templates are read-only files which you can use again as the basis for a new document n save your files as templates to save you time

18. 17 Readers cues and momentum devices n pull quotes, side heads and run-ins can be used to attract readers attention n pull quotes can be enhanced by graphic accents, shaded backgrounds and oversized quotation marks n side heads and run-ins are subhead variations

19. 18 “Pull quotes” n should be short and to the point n should not detract from the heading n pull quotes should match headline and subhead typography (use condensed or light version of a font) n pull quotes between columns of ragged right text should be avoided n pull quotes should be used within rather than between columns of text n use borders, etc to enhance pull quotes

20. 19 How to produce a pull quote nInIn Microsoft Publisher Create a text box and then Choose Format, Borders. When the Borders dialog box appears, click on Box if you want to surround your pull quotes with a four-sided box, or you can place a border along the top, bottom, and/or left and right sides of your pull quote. The border moves with the text frame. You can also adjust the Fills by selecting Fills instead of Borders

21. 20 Side heads n side heads are placed in white space adjacent to text n you can align side heads flush left/ragged right or flush right (flush right allows the heading to be visually locked to the text)

22. 21 Run-ins n can be used for level 3 subheads n created by placing the introductory phrase or first sentence in either Bold or Bold Italic n look at the xheight to avoid the run-in overwhelming the adjacent text

23. 22 Conclusion n in this session you have seen n how the use of white space can enhance your document n how consistency can improve the overall appearance of your document n how to use pull quotes as readers cues