1. Organic I Review Major Concepts & Reactions

2. Major Concepts Functional Groups Trends in the Periodic Table –Electronegativity –Radius Energy & Stability –Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) –Sharing the Burden Collision Theory Steric Hindrance

3. Major Concepts Cont. Ea vs. Collision (Rate of Reactions) Physical Properties –Intermolecular Forces (IMF) –Molecular Weight (MW) –Symmetry Isomers (Stereochemistry) Resonance IUPAC Nomenclature

4. Functional Groups AlkaneR-H AlkeneRC=CR AlkyneRC=CR HaloalkaneR-X AlcoholR-OH EtherR-O-R AmineR-NH 2

5. Functional Groups AldehydeRCHO KetoneRCOR Carboxylic AcidRCOOH EsterRCOOR AmideRCONH 2 Carbonyl Group

6. Trends in the Periodic Table Source: http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/FG10_11.JPG

7. Trends in the Periodic Table Electronegativity –Across the Table: Increases due to increase protons in nucleus –Down the Table: Decreases due to increase in radius Radius –Across the Table: Decreases due to increase in electronegativity –Down the Table: Increase due to added Shells

8. Energy & Stability Inverse Relationship: As potential energy increases molecular stability decreases. Energy Diagram Review

9. Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Subcategories –Angle Strain (Ring Strain) –Crowding –Torisonal Strain

10. Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) Angle Strain (Ring Strain)

11. Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) Crowding

12. Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) Torisonal Strain

13. Electron Repulsion (VSEPR) Describes (Examples) –Molecular Geometry –Barrier to free rotation around a single bond –Stability of Ring Structures –Relative Cis-Trans Stability

14. Sharing the Burden The more the molecule can spread out the burden (Charge, Pi electrons, free radical, etc.) the more stable the molecule will be. 3°2° 1°Methyl most stable next-to-most stable next-to-least stableleast stable

15. Collision Theory For a Reaction to occur molecules must: –Collide with each other –Collide with enough energy to overcome Energy of Activation (Ea) –Collide with the proper orientation

16. Steric Hindrance Physical Barrier preventing collisions from occurring thus reactions.

17. Ea vs. Collision (Rate of Reactions) Based on Collision TheoryCollision Theory Total energy available for reaction determines products –Example: Sn2 vs. E2 –Ea Favors Sn2 (Relatively Low Energy) –Collisions Favors E2 (Relatively High Energy)

18. Physical Properties Physical Properties of Interest –Boiling Point (BP) –Melting Point (MP) –Density –Water Solubility

19. Physical Properties Factors –Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Hydrogen Bond (H-Bond) Dipole Bond Dispersion Forces –Molecular Weight (MW) –Symmetry

20. Isomers Different compounds with the same molecular formula Constitutional (Structural) –Isomers whose atoms have a different connectivity Stereoisomers –Isomers that have the same connectivity but that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space

21. Stereochemistry Stereochemistry Enantiomers Stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable mirror images of each other

22. Stereochemistry Stereochemistry Diastereomers Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other

23. Resonance Source: http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/tutorials/resonance/draw_res_str.html

24. IUPAC Nomenclature Basic Steps: 1.Identify longest continuous chain with highest order functional group. This is the base structure and is named according to number of carbons in the chain. 2.Number chain giving highest order functional group lowest number possible. 3.Identify the root. (Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne). Label accordingly.

25. IUPAC Nomenclature Basic Steps: 4.Identify side chains and substitute groups. Label and number accordingly. 5.Place side chains and substitute in alphabetical order.

26. Major Reactions Substitution –S N 1 (Substitution Nucleophilic Unimolecular) –S N 2 (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular) Elimination –E1 (Elimination Unimolecular) –E2 (Elimination Bimolecular)

27. SN1SN1

28. SN2SN2

29. E1

30. E2

31. Summary of Reactions