1. An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

2.  Organic compounds that contains only CARBON and HYDROGEN  Non polar molecules  Found as solids (large molecules), liquids and gases (small molecules)

3.  Classification is based on the type of carbon-carbon bond in the molecule:  ALKANES: have only SINGLE bonds between the carbons  ALKENES: have at least one DOUBLE bond between the carbons  ALKYNES: have at least one TRIPLE bond between the carbons

5.  All hydrocarbons burn in air to produce large amounts of LIGHT and HEAT  In the presence of excess oxygen, the hydrocarbon will undergo a COMPLETE COMBUSTION  The products of a complete combustion are CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER

6.  There are three ways to represent an organic molecule:  STRUCTURAL FORMULA:  CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA:  MOLECULAR FORMULA: C 3 H 8

7.  Molecules that have the same formula but have different molecular structures  Isomers often have very different chemical properties.  EXAMPLE: Both of these compounds have the formula (C 4 H 8 )

8.  The first part of the name denotes the NUMBER of carbons present  The second part of the name indicates whether it contains single, double or triple bonds  EXAMPLE: C 3 H 8 is called PROPANE as PROP is the prefix for THREE and ANE is the suffix for ALKANES.

10.  The rules for naming ALKENES and ALKYNES are similar to naming alkanes  Use the suffix ENE for alkenes  Use the suffix YNE for alkynes  Use a NUMBER to indicate the location of double or triple bonds

11.  EXAMPLE: This molecule is 1-BUTENE as it contains FOUR carbons (BUT) and a DOUBLE bond (ENE) on the FIRST carbon (1)

12.  EXAMPLE: This molecule is 2-HEPTYNE as it contains SEVEN carbons (HEPT) and a TRIPLE bond (YNE) on the SECOND carbon (2)

13.  Name the following hydrocarbons:

14.  For ALKANES: 1. Write carbon backbone of the appropriate length 2. Add lines to each carbon for a total of FOUR lines 3. Fill remaining bonds with hydrogen atoms

15.  For ALKENES and ALKYNES: 1. Similar rules as drawing alkanes 2. Establish location of double or triple bond 3. Use the lowest number. Alkenes and alkynes are NOT always numbered from left to right.

16.  Draw a structural formula for each of the following: 1. Pentane 2. 3-octene 3. 2-butyne