1. FERROCEMENT Presented by,
MOHAMMED AAQIB
4JN11CV410
Under the guidance of, PRIYANKA B A B.E, M.Tech
Lecturer
Dept. of civil engineering

2. CONTENT Introduction Materials used in construction
Typical cross section
Cement mortar mix
Types of wire mesh
Advantages of Ferro cement
Construction methods
Application of Ferro cement
Conclusion
Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
Italian engineer Pier Liugie Nervi is credited with inventing Ferro cement in the 1940’s.
The properties of Ferro cement, such as strength, watertightness, toughness, light weight, durability, fire resistance & environmental stability are hard to match with any other thin constructional material

4. DEFINITION
“Ferro cement is a type of thin wall reinforced concrete, commonly constructed of hydraulic cement mortar, reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous and relatively small size wire mesh. The mesh may be made of metallic or other suitable material.” -ACI Committee 549, 1980

5. FERRO CEMENT– A composite of steel & cementitious material is an ingenious invention of the mid 19th century which has a good potential for use in a wide variety of applications. It is basically a scaled down variation of concrete – as we know it today.
The large size reinforcing steel bars are replaced with wires or meshes, while the coarse aggregate is removed completely from the cementitious matrix. The resultant composite – called Ferro cement lends itself to casting in thin sections – sometimes less than 1”.

6. Materials used in Ferro cement
Cement mortar mix.
Skeleton steel.
Steel mesh reinforcement or Fibre-reinforced polymeric meshes.
Admixtures.

7. CEMENT MORTAR MIX MIX PROPORTIONS
OPC and fine aggregate matrix is used.
The matrix constitutes 95% of the composite and governs its behavior.
FA (sand) occupies 60 to 75% of the volume of the mortar.
Plasticizers and other admixtures are used.
MIX PROPORTIONS
Sand: cement ratio (by mass) 1.5 : 2.5
Water: cement ratio (by mass) 0.35 :0.60

8. Steel mesh reinforcement
Consists of galvanized steel wires of diameter 0.5 to 1.5 mm, spaced at 6 to 20mm centre to centre.
Available as woven/interlocking mesh and welded mesh.
Welded wire mesh has hexagonal or rectangular openings.
Expanded-metal lath is also used.

9. TYPES OF WIRE MESHES

10. TYPICAL SECTION OF RETAINING WALL
USING FERRO CEMENT

11. ADVANTAGES OF FERRO CEMENT
High ductility
High resistance to cracking width
Ability to undergo large deflection
Improved impact resistance and toughness
Good fire resistance
Good impermeability
Low strength to weight ratio
Low maintenance costs

12. CONSTRUCTION METHODS Skeletal Armature Method Closed Mould Method
Integral Mould Method
Open Mould Method

13. 1) Skeletal Armature Method
In this method the skeleton steel is welded to desired shape,
on either sides of which are tied several layers of stretched
meshes. This is strong enough, so that mortar can be filled
in by pressing for one side and temporarily supporting from
the other side.

14. 2) Closed Mould Method
Several layers of meshes are tied together against the surface of mould which holds them in position while mortar is being filled in.

15. 3) Integral Mould Method
Using minimum reinforcement any integral mould is first to be considered to act as a framework. On this mould layers of meshes are fixed on either sides and plastering is done on both the sides.
(Source: Naaman 1999)

16. 4) Open Mould Method

17. APPLICATIONS OF FERRO CEMENT
Marine applications
Water supply and sanitation
Agricultural
Residential buildings
Rural energy
Other structures

18. 1. Marine Applications
Boats, fishing vessels, barges, cargo tugs, catamarans, yachts and flotation buoys.
Key criteria for marine applications: light weight, impact resistance, thickness and water tightness.
2. Water supply and sanitation
Water tanks, sedimentation tanks, swimming pool linings, well casings, septic tanks etc..

19. 4. Residential Buildings
3. Agricultural
Grain storage bins, silos, canal linings, pipes, shells for fish and poultry farms.
4. Residential Buildings
Houses, community centers, precast housing elements, corrugated roofing sheets, wall panels etc..

20. 5. Rural Energy 6. Other structures
Biogas digesters, biogas holders, incinerators, panels for solar energy collectors etc..
6. Other structures
Bus shelters, industrial shelters, pedestrian bridges, skateboard rings, sculptures etc..

21. Conclusion
Ferrocement being a labour intensive and a material saving technique, has never been able to compete with reinforced cement concrete. However, innovative structures in different parts of the world have clearly indicated the unique, unmatched properties of this material.
The application of Ferrocement to the dome structure has made it possible to construct a light but strong, durable weather resistant shell with a weight reduction to almost 1/10th of the conventional material.

22. REFERENCE
Andrews, G., Sharma, A.K., “Repaired Reinforced Concrete Beams” ACI, Concrete International, pp ,1998
Gambhir, ML, Concrete Technology: Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill
Santhakumar, AR, Concrete Technology, Oxford University Press
Shetty, MS, Concrete Technology, S Chand Publishers