1. Taxonomy

2. Science of grouping organisms according to their morphology and evolutionary history

3. Carolus Linnaeus Originated a seven-level hierarchy system for classifying organisms according to their morphology Binomial Nomenclature Binomial = 2 Nomenclature = names

4. Moving from the most general to the most specific: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Levels of Classification

5. Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Soup? Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera Panthera leo

6. 3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms Many modern taxonomists use the six kingdom system of classification, which recognizes the unique nature of the archaebacteria

7. Archaebacteria Archaebacteria, some of which live in extremely harsh environments, have been largely ignored until recently Scientists now think archaebacteria closely resemble the first kinds of organisms to live on Earth

8. An alternative classification system that employs 3 broad domains groups all eukaryotic organisms under the domain Eukarya Eubacteria (domain Bacteria) and archaebacteria (domain Archaea) form the other 2 domains

10. Species A species name consists of the genus name together with a species identifier Humans: Homo sapiens Homo = man sapiens = wise A species denotes a SINGLE organism type

11. Systematics A modern approach to taxonomy is systematics, which analyzes the diversity of organisms in the context of their evolutionary history

12. Phylogeny Scientists use these phylogenic trees to infer evolutionary relationships Morphology Fossils Molecular comparisons

13. Phylogenic Trees Show the relatedness of organisms that exist today Uses Linneaus’ levels of classification Binomial nomenclature

17. Embryology Similarities in patterns of embryological development provides clues to the degree of relatedness of different organisms Blastula

19. Molecular similarities, such as those found in homologous proteins of different organisms (DNA codes), also indicate how closely organisms are related

20. Branch Points in the “Tree” Shows divergence from a common ancestor The “deeper” the branch, the greater the divergence

23. Cladistics Shows patterns of shared characteristics or traits between members of a clade (group) Primitive traits – shared by all members of a clade Derived traits – shared by only a few members of a clade