1. C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity Pp. 442 - 471

2. C17- Organizing Life’s C17- Organizing Life’s Diversity   Classification- grouping of organisms or info based on similarities   Taxonomy- branch of science that groups & names organisms   Aristotle grouped everything into plants & animals with subgroups for each.

3. Organizing Life’s Diversity   He grouped plants into herbs, shrubs & trees.   As more organisms were discovered, some did not fit Aristotle’s categories.   His ideas persisted for centuries.

4. Organizing Life’s Diversity   In the late 18 th century, Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus, developed a system based on structural & physical similarities.   Grouping reveal relationships.

5. Organizing Life’s Diversity   Binomial nomenclature- 2 word naming system Linnaeus developed to identify species.   Genus specific epithet- Homo sapiens or H. sapiens

6. Organizing Life’s Diversity   We use Latin because the language is no longer changing.   Printed in italics; handwritten underlined   Genus uppercase species lower case

7. Organizing Life’s Diversity   Atropa belladonna by C. Linnaeus.   Organisms also have common names which may vary depending upon location.

8. Modern Classification   Taxonomists compare: internal/external structure geographical distribution genetic makeup evolutionary relationships   Easier to understand biological diversity

9. Modern Classification   Taxonomists discover new sources of lumber, medicine & energy.

10. How Living Things are Classified   Ranked in taxa from general to specific characteristics.   Species look alike & successfully interbreed.   Genus similar features; closely related

11. How Living Things are Classified   Domains include all six kingdoms.

12. 17-2 The Six Kingdoms   How are evolutionary relationships determined?  Structural similarities  Breeding behavior  Geographic distribution  Chromosome comparison  Biochemistry

13. Phylogenetic Classification   Phylogeny evolutionary history of a species   Cladistics is based on phylogeny.   Cladograms are models of these evolutionary relationships

14. Cladogram

16. Six Kingdoms- Prokaryote   Prokaryotes microscopic, unicellular, without membrane-bound nuclei, may be autotrophic (chemosynthetic or photosynthetic) or heterotrophic   3.4 BY old fossils

17. Six Kingdoms- Eubacteria   Eubacteria- very strong cell walls, less complex genetic makeup, live in most habitats except extremes, some cause disease, most are harmless, some are helpful

18. Six Kingdoms Protists   Protists-

19. Six Kingdoms- Protists   Protists- eukaryote lacking complex organ systems, lives in moist environment, unicellular & multicellular, plant- like autotrophs, animal- like heterotrophs or fungus-like heterotrophs   2 BY old fossils

20. Six Kingdoms- Fungi   Fungi- heterotrophs, earth’s decomposers   Unicellular or multicellular eukaryote   Absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment   400,000 MY old fossils   More than 50,000 known species

21. Six Kingdoms- Plants   Multicellular, oxygen producers   Photosynthetic eukaryotes   Contains chloroplasts & has cell walls of cellulose   400 MY old fossils   More than 250,000 known species

22. Six Kingdoms- Animals   Multicellular consumers   Cells, tissues, organs, systems   Can move about   600,000 MY old fossils