1. Chapter 20 Elements and Their Properties

2. Chapter 20 Section 1: Metals

3. You will learn how to…….. Describe the properties of a typical metal Describe the properties of a typical metal Identify the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals Identify the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals Differentiate among three groups of transition elements Differentiate among three groups of transition elements This is important because metals are a part of your everyday life--- from electric cords to the cars you ride in.

4. Metals on the Periodic Table On the periodic table, the metals are found on the LEFT side of the zig-zag line. On the periodic table, the metals are found on the LEFT side of the zig-zag line.

5. Properties of Metals Conduct heat and electricity Conduct heat and electricity Luster (shiny) Luster (shiny) Solid (EXCEPT Mercury (Hg)= liquid) Solid (EXCEPT Mercury (Hg)= liquid) Malleable (bendable) Malleable (bendable) Ductile (Drawn into wires) Ductile (Drawn into wires)

6. Metals Metals generally have 1-3 electrons on their outer energy level (valence electrons). In chemical reactions, metals tend to GIVE UP electrons easily because they are close to having an empty outer energy level. Lithium Valence electron 3 P 4N

7. Metals When a metal GIVES UP an electron, the atom then has MORE protons than electrons and the atom is no longer neutral. The atom is MORE POSITIVE. When a metal GIVES UP an electron, the atom then has MORE protons than electrons and the atom is no longer neutral. The atom is MORE POSITIVE. When a metal gives up an electron it becomes a positively charged ion. When a metal gives up an electron it becomes a positively charged ion. Na gave up an electron to Cl. The Na atom becomes a positively charged ion because it has more protons than electrons.

8. Bonding in Metals When metals give electrons to nonmetals, an ionic bond is formed. When metals give electrons to nonmetals, an ionic bond is formed. Metal (Na) + Nonmetal (Cl) = Ionic Bond (NaCl)

9. Types of Metals Alkali Metals Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Elements Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements

10. Alkali Metals Located in GROUP 1 of the periodic table Located in GROUP 1 of the periodic table The MOST HIGHLY REACTIVE metal because they only have 1 valence electron, so these elements are NOT found free in nature The MOST HIGHLY REACTIVE metal because they only have 1 valence electron, so these elements are NOT found free in nature Gives away the 1 valence electron because it is easier to LOSE 1 versus gaining 7 electrons to complete the octet (8electrons) Gives away the 1 valence electron because it is easier to LOSE 1 versus gaining 7 electrons to complete the octet (8electrons)

11. Alkali Metals Some uses of Alkali Metals Some uses of Alkali Metals Living things need potassium and sodium compounds to stay healthy. Living things need potassium and sodium compounds to stay healthy. Doctors use lithium compounds to treat bipolar depression Doctors use lithium compounds to treat bipolar depression

12. Alkaline Earth Metals Located in GROUP 2 of the periodic table Located in GROUP 2 of the periodic table The 2 nd MOST HIGHLY REACTIVE metal because they only have 1 valence electron, so these elements are NOT found free in nature The 2 nd MOST HIGHLY REACTIVE metal because they only have 1 valence electron, so these elements are NOT found free in nature Gives away the 2 valence electrons because it is easier to LOSE 2 versus gaining 6 electrons to complete the octet (8electrons) Gives away the 2 valence electrons because it is easier to LOSE 2 versus gaining 6 electrons to complete the octet (8electrons)

13. Alkaline Earth Metals Some uses of Alkaline Earth Metals Some uses of Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium and strontium are used in are used in fireworks to produce the brilliant white color and the bright red flashes. Magnesium and strontium are used in are used in fireworks to produce the brilliant white color and the bright red flashes. Calcium compounds are needed for life. Calcium compounds in your bones helps make them strong. Calcium compounds are needed for life. Calcium compounds in your bones helps make them strong.

14. Transition Metals Located in GROUP 3-12 of the periodic table Located in GROUP 3-12 of the periodic table Iron Triad = iron, cobalt, nickel (used to make steel and other metal mixtures) Iron Triad = iron, cobalt, nickel (used to make steel and other metal mixtures) Coinage metals = copper, silver, gold (used to make coins) Coinage metals = copper, silver, gold (used to make coins)

15. Inner Transition Metals Located at the bottom of the periodic table Located at the bottom of the periodic table Lanthanides Lanthanides Actinides- ALL are unstable and radioactive- nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy Actinides- ALL are unstable and radioactive- nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy

16. Chapter 20 Section 2: Nonmetals

17. You will learn how to…….. Recognize hydrogen as a nonmetal Recognize hydrogen as a nonmetal Compare and contrast properties of the halogens Compare and contrast properties of the halogens Describe properties and uses of the noble gases Describe properties and uses of the noble gases This is important because nonmetals are not only all around you, the are an essential part of your body!

18. Nonmetals on the Periodic Table On the periodic table, the nonmetals are found on the RIGHT side of the zig-zag line. On the periodic table, the nonmetals are found on the RIGHT side of the zig-zag line. REMEMBER: HYDROGEN IS A NONMETAL! REMEMBER: HYDROGEN IS A NONMETAL!

19. Properties of Nonmetals Poor conductors of heat and electricity Poor conductors of heat and electricity No luster (not shiny) No luster (not shiny) Not malleable (bendable) Not malleable (bendable) Not ductile (CAN NOT be drawn into wires) Not ductile (CAN NOT be drawn into wires) Usually gases OR brittle solids Usually gases OR brittle solids Sulfur Oxygen

20. Did you know….. Most of your body mass is made up of nonmetals!  oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

21. Bonding in Nonmetals Ionic and Covalent Ionic and Covalent

22. Hydrogen

23. Diatomic Molecules

24. Nonmetals Halogens Noble Gases

25. The Halogens

26. Halogens on the Periodic Table

27. Halogens Some uses of Halogens Some uses of Halogens

28. Noble Gases on the Periodic Table

29. Chapter 20 Section 3: Mixed Groups

30. You will learn how to…. Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Describe the nature of allotropes Describe the nature of allotropes Recognize the significance of differences in crystal structure in carbon Recognize the significance of differences in crystal structure in carbon Understand the importance of synthetic elements Understand the importance of synthetic elements This is important because the elements in mixed groups affect your life every day, because they are in everything from the computer you use to the air you breathe.

31. Metalloids on the Periodic Table

32. Properties of Metalloids

33. Boron Group on the Periodic Table

34. Carbon Group

35. Allotrope Allotrope- same element with a different molecular structure Allotrope- same element with a different molecular structure

36. Allotropes This figure shows three allotropes of carbon.

37. Nitrogen Group on the Periodic Table

38. Oxygen Group on the Periodic Table

39. Synthetic Elements on the Periodic Table