1. 1 Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle Grid Infrastructure

2. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 2 Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a stand-alone server and create an ASM disk group Use the ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) to create an ASM disk group Create and manage ASM Dynamic Volumes Create and manage an ASM Cluster File System

3. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 3 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Standardized infrastructure software Eliminates need for third- party solutions Includes: –Automatic Storage Management (ASM) –ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) –ACFS Snapshots –Oracle Clusterware –Oracle Restart Applications Middleware Database Oracle Grid Infrastructure EM 11.2

4. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 4 Automatic Storage Management Technology Stack Previous Releases of ASM Application Database ASM Operating System ASM Database Application Oracle Database 11g Release 2 ASM ASM/ADVM 3 rd Party FS Operating System ACFS Database Application 11.2

5. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 5 Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database Installation: System Requirements Memory requirements: –1 GB for the database instance with Database Control –1.5 GB for the ASM instance and Oracle Restart Disk space requirements: –3 GB of swap space (based on 2GB RAM) –1 GB of disk space in the /tmp directory –Between 1.5 GB and 3.8 GB for the Oracle software –1.7 GB for the preconfigured database (optional) –2.4 GB for the fast recovery area (optional) Operating system (see documentation) 11.2

6. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 6 Preparing the Operating System Create the required operating system groups and users: Groups: – oinstall – dba –Optional groups (for separation of duty across multiple users): — oper — asmdba — asmoper — asmadmin Users: –Software owner, usually oracle –Can create multiple users for multiple product installations 11.2

7. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 7 Setting Environment Variables Oracle environment variables: ORACLE_BASE : Base of the Oracle directory structure. Recommendation is to set this before installation. ORACLE_HOME : The environment in which Oracle products run. Not required before installation if ORACLE_BASE is set. ORACLE_SID : Not required before installation, but useful after for ease of interaction with a particular instance. NLS_LANG : Optional environment variable that controls language, territory, and client character set settings

8. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 8 Checking the System Requirements Adequate temporary space 64-bit versus 32-bit issues Correct operating system (OS) OS patch level System packages System and kernel parameters X Server permissions Sufficient swapping ORACLE_HOME status 11.2

9. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 9 Defining Ownership of OS Devices for ASM The operating system devices that are being used for ASM disks need to be owned by the Grid Infrastructure user and the OSASM group. For Oracle ASMLib drivers: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure.. Default user to own the driver interface []: grid Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin.. 11.2

10. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 10 Installation Scenario The installation scenario being presented in this course is divided into two parts: Part One: Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for stand- alone server (Lesson 1) Part Two: Install Oracle Database software (Lesson 2) 11.2

11. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 11 Part One: Installing the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for Stand-Alone Server 11.2

12. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 12 Selecting Product Languages 11.2

13. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 13 Creating an ASM Disk Group 11.2

14. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 14 Defining ASM Passwords 11.2

15. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 15 Defining Privileged Operating System Groups 11.2

16. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 16 Specifying Installation Location 11.2

17. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 17 Creating Inventory 11.2

18. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 18 Performing Prerequisite Checks 11.2

19. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 19 Verifying Installation Summary Data 11.2

20. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 20 Monitoring Installation Progress 11.2

21. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 21 Executing root Configuration Scripts 11.2

22. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 22 Executing Configuration Assistants 11.2

23. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 23 Finishing the Installation 11.2

24. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 24 Configuring the FRA Disk Group 11.2

25. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 25 Oracle Local Registry Oracle Clusterware 11g Release 2 includes an Oracle Local Registry (OLR) on each node for node-specific resources. Is installed and configured when Oracle Clusterware is installed Is located at Grid_home/cdata/localhost/$host_name.olr in case of single-instance installations Allows multiple processes on each node simultaneous read and write access to the local OLR of that node Is managed with the –local option for the OCRCHECK, OCRDUMP, and OCRCONFIG commands as follows: $ ocrcheck –local $ ocrdump –local –stdout $ ocrconfig –local -manualbackup 11.2

26. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 26

27. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 27 Quiz Before installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure, you must plan for user role separation. 1.True 2.False

28. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 28 Practice 1-1: Overview In this practice, you install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a stand-alone server.

29. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 29 ASM Files and Volumes Dynamic Volumes ASM Disk Group ASM Files ACFS 3 rd Party FS DB files Dynamic Volume Manager ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) ACFS Snapshots ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) ACFS Snapshots ASM Instance user Kernel ASM Device File: /dev/asm/dgbvol1-123 OS 11.2

30. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 30 ASM Dynamic Volume Manager (ADVM) Concepts ADVM provides volume management services and a standard disk device interface to ACFS and other file systems. Volume is created using an ASM management tool. Volume is a new ASM file type for ACFS. Volume needs to be enabled to generate an OS device. Devices reside at /dev/asm/. File systems issue input/output (I/O) requests to volume devices. ADVM driver maps I/O requests against a volume device to the corresponding volume file located within an ASM disk group. 11.2

31. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 31 ASM Dynamic Volume Striping 11.2

32. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 32 ADVM Restrictions Partitioning of dynamic volumes (using fdisk or similar) is not supported. Do not use raw(8) to map ADVM volume block devices into raw volume devices. Do not create multipath devices over ADVM devices. Do not create ASMLIB devices over ADVM devices. ADVM supports all ASM supported storage solutions except NFS and Exadata. ADVM volumes cannot be used as a boot device or a root file system. 11.2

33. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 33 Creating an ASM Dynamic Volume 11.2

34. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 34 Creating an ASM Dynamic Volume 11.2

35. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 35 Managing ASM Dynamic Volumes 11.2

36. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 36 Using SQL to Manage ASM Dynamic Volumes Add a volume: Resize a volume: Drop a volume: SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DGROUPA ADD VOLUME asmvol1 SIZE 10G; SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DGROUPA RESIZE VOLUME asmvol1 SIZE 15G; SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DGROUPA DROP VOLUME asmvol1; 11.2

37. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 37 Using SQL to Manage ASM Dynamic Volumes Enable a volume: Disable a volume: Modify a volume: SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DGROUPA ENABLE VOLUME asmvol1; SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP ALL DISABLE VOLUME ALL; SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DGROUPA MODIFY VOLUME asmvol1 USAGE 'acfs'; 11.2

38. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 38 Extending ASMCMD for ASM Dynamic Volumes volcreate -G diskgroup -s size [--column number] [--width stripe_width] [--redundancy {high|mirror|unprotected}] [--primary {hot|cold}] [--secondary {hot|cold}] volume volresize -G diskgroup -s size [-f] volume voldelete -G diskgroup volume volenable {-a|-G diskgroup -a|-G diskgroup volume} voldisable {-a|-G diskgroup -a|-G diskgroup volume} volset -G diskgroup [--usagestring string] [--mountpath mount_path] [--primary {hot|cold}] [--secondary {hot|cold}] volume volinfo {-a|-G diskgroup -a|-G diskgroup volume} volinfo [--show_diskgroup|--show_volume] volumedevice 11.2

39. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 39 ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) General purpose scalable file system –Journaling, extent based –Single node and cluster Multi OS platform (Linux and Windows at initial release) –POSIX, X/OPEN file system solution for UNIX/Linux –Windows file system solution for Windows platforms Accessible through NAS protocols (NFS, CIFS) Integrated with Oracle Clusterware for cluster support Integrated with Oracle system management tools –Oracle installation and configuration –Enterprise Manager and ASM storage management tools –Native OS file system management tools 11.2

40. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 40 ACFS Architecture 11.2

41. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 41 Using Enterprise Manager to Manage ACFS 11.2

42. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 42 Linux/UNIX File System APIs Standard POSIX and X/OPEN file system APIs and commands are used to manage ACFS. Administration commands used to manage the ACFS file system include: – mkfs – fsck – mount – unmount 11.2

43. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 43 Linux/UNIX Extensions Create an ACFS file system: Mount an ACFS file system: Unmount an ACFS file system: Check and repair an ACFS file system: $ mkfs -t acfs /dev/asm/asmvol1-216 $ mount -t acfs /dev/asm/asmvol1-216 \ /oracle/cluster1/myacfs $ fsck -t acfs /dev/asm/asmvol1-216 $ umount [-v] 11.2

44. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 44 Windows File System APIs Windows file management APIs and commands are integrated with the ACFS file system. Additional commands include: – acfschkdsk – acfsformat – acfsmountvol – acfsdismount 11.2

45. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 45 Windows Extensions Create an ACFS file system: Mount an ACFS file system: Unmount an ACFS file system: Check and repair an ACFS file system: acfsformat [/vf] [/b blksz] [/n name] device [blocks] acfsmountvol [/all] [/v] acfschkdsk [/a] [/v] [/n] [/f] [info] device acfsdismount [/v] [/p] [/P] path 11.2

46. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 46 ACFS Platform-Independent Commands CommandFunction acfsutil info Display new ACFS file and file system features (ACFS, snapshots, registry, size) and information. acfsutil snapshot Create and display ACFS snapshots. acfsutil registry Register an ACFS file system with the ACFS mount registry. acfsutil rmfs Remove an ACFS file system. acfsutil size Resize an ACFS file system. acfsutil tune View or modify ACFS tuneables. 11.2

47. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 47 ASM Cluster File System Limitations ACFS: Cannot be used for root file system or bootable partition Cannot be used for the Grid Infrastructure home directory ASM Dynamic Volume Manager (ADVM) Presents a block device called a volume to the OS Uses a device driver 11.2

48. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 48 Creating an ASM Cluster File System 11.2

49. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 49 ACFS Snapshots An ACFS snapshot is an online, space-efficient, point- in-time copy of an ACFS file system. Snapshot copy is initially sparse, referencing the storage allocation information maintained by the file system. Snapshot storage is maintained within the file system. Before an ACFS file extent is modified or deleted, a copy is saved to the snapshot (copy-on-write). –Snapshots only consume space for changed data. –Snapshot maintenance has very low overhead. Snapshots can be created on demand to deliver a current, consistent, online view of an active file system. 11.2

50. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 50 Administering Oracle ACFS Snapshots Oracle ACFS snapshots are administered by using ACFSUTIL snap commands Create a read-only snapshot of an Oracle ACFS file system: Delete a read-only snapshot of an Oracle ACFS file system: acfsutil snap create snapshot mount_point 11.2 acfsutil snap delete snapshot mount_point

51. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 51 Quiz ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) provides support for Oracle Database binary files. 1.True 2.False

52. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 52 Summary In this lesson, you should have learned how to: Install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a stand-alone server and create an ASM disk group Use the ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) to create an ASM disk group Create and manage ASM Dynamic Volumes Create and manage an ASM Cluster File System

53. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 53 Practice 1-2: Overview In this practice, you configure the ASM cluster file system.

54. Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1 - 54